Lab Midterm Flashcards
1
Q
Classification of Bones according to shape
A
Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
2
Q
Types of joint
A
Synarthrosis
Amphiarthrosis
Diarthrosis
3
Q
Synarthrosis
A
immovable
4
Q
Amphiarthrosis
A
slightly movable
5
Q
Diarthrosis
A
freely movable
6
Q
air spaces or cavities in the skull
A
Sinuses
7
Q
Haversian system
A
Osteon
8
Q
increases calcium level in the blood
A
Parathormone
9
Q
soft spot in the cranium of an infant
A
Fontanel
10
Q
shaft of a long bone
A
diaphysis
11
Q
inflammation of the joint
A
Arthritis
12
Q
soft tissue in the cavity of a bone
A
marrow
13
Q
bone formation
A
ossification
14
Q
end of a long bone
A
epiphysis
15
Q
pain in the joint
A
arthralgia
16
Q
lateral movement away from the midline of the trunk
A
Abduction
17
Q
movement medially toward midline
A
Adduction
18
Q
circular movement of a limb that delineates an arc or describes a cone
moves the distal end of the bone in circle, while keeping the proximal end relatively stable
A
Circumduction
19
Q
rotary movement around longitudinal axis of a bone toward midline of body
A
internal rotation
20
Q
rotary movement around longitudinal axis of a bone away from midline of body
A
external rotation
21
Q
turning sole of foot inward or medially
A
inversion
22
Q
turning sole of foot outward or laterally
A
eversion
23
Q
specifics of inversion and eversion
A
ankle and foot
24
Q
point toes/foot downward
“stand on tip toes”
A
plantarflexion
25
point toes/foot upward
"foot off gas pedal"
dorsiflexion
26
rotating hand/forearm laterally
"hold the soup"
supination
27
rotating hand/forear medially
"pour the soup"
pronation
28
superior movement of shoulder girdle
elevation
29
inferior movement of shoulder girdle
depression
30
specifics of elevation and depression
shoulder girdle
31
forward movement of shoulder girdle away from spine
abduction of the scapula
protraction
32
backward movement of shoulder girdle toward spine
adduction of scapula
retraction
33
specifics of protraction and retraction
shoulder girdle
34
diagonal movement of thumb across palmar surface of hand to make contact with hand or fingers
opposition of the thumb
35
movement returning of thumb back to its original position
reposition
36
moving the mandible to either right or left
excursion
37
movement in forward direction
protraction
38
break in continuity of bone or cartilage
fracture
39
fracture hematoma does not communicate with the outside
bone breaks cleanly but does not penetrate the skin
Closed fracture
40
fracture hematoma communicates with the outside with open wound
broken ends of the bone protrude through soft tissues and the skin
Open fracture
41
Traumatic fractures
Closed fracture
| Open fracture
42
Pathological fractures
Localized disorder
| Generalized disorder
43
e.g. secondary malignant deosit
localized disorder
44
e.g. osteoporosis
generalized disorder
45
Fractures according to Path of the Line
Transverse fracture
Oblique fracture
Spiral Fracture
Longitudinal fracture
46
a sever form of oblique fracture in which the plan rotates along the long axis of the bone. These occur secondary to rotational force
ragged break occurs when excessive twisting forces are applied to a bone
spiral fracture
47
a fracture in which a line is perpendicular to the long axis of the bone
Transverse fracture
48
a fracture in which the line is at the oblique angle to the long axis of the bone
oblique fracture
49
a fracture in which the line turns nearly parallel to the long axis of the bone.
a long oblique fracture
Longitudinal fracture
50
anatomical classification of fractures
```
comminuted
stellate
impacted
depressed
avulsion
```
51
bone is broken into more than two fragments
comminuted
52
occurs if the flat bones of the skull and in the patella where the fracture lines run in various directions from one point
stellate fracture
53
a vertical force drives the distal fragment of the fracture into the proximal fragment
impacted fracture
54
this occurs in the skull where a segment of bone gets depressed into the cranium
depressed fracture
55
this is one where a chip of bone is avulsed by the sudden and unexpected contraction of a powerful muscle from its point of insertion
avulsion fracture
56
is the fracture in the young bone of children where the break is incomplete, leaving one cortex intact
Greenstick
57
3 types of connective tissue in skeletal muscle
endostium
perimysium
epimysium
58
muscles of the head and neck
```
frontalis
orbicularis oculi
orbicularis oris
zygomaticus
masseter
sternocleidomastoid
buccinator
```
59
Frontalis
muscles in forehead; moves scalp; elevates eyebrows
60
orbicularis Oculi
circles orbit; close and open eyelids
61
Orbicularis oris
close and open lips
62
Zygomaticus
major - angle of the mouth
| Minor - muscle of the upper lip
63
Masseter
chewing
64
Sternocleidomastoid
head move to side
65
Buccinator
compress cheeks inward (whistling)
66
Muscles of the trunk and abdominals
Pectoralis Major
Rectus Abdominis
Trapezius
67
Pectoralis Major
chest; flexes; adducts and rotates arm medially
68
Rectus Abdominis
abdomen - tenses abdominal wall; compresses abdominal contents
69
Trapezius
raises, lowers and rotates scapula
70
Latissimus dorsi
pull shoulder downward and back; extends, adducts and rotates arm
71
Muscles of the upper limb
```
Biceps Bracchi
Triceps Bracchi
Deltoid
Flexors of the wrist
Extensors of the wrist
```
72
Biceps Bracchi
flexion of arms
73
Triceps Bracchi
extension of arms
74
Deltoid
abducts, extends and flexes arm at shoulder
75
Flexors of the wrist
flexion of the hand
76
Extensors of the wrist
extension of the hand
77
Muscles of the lower limb
Gluteus maximus
Quadriceps muscles
Hamstrings
Gastrocnemiius
78
Gluteus maximus
extends and rotates thigh laterally at hip
79
Quadriceps muscles
extension of legs
80
flexion of legs
Hamstrings
81
Gastrocnemius
plantarflexion
82
inflammation of bone
osteomyelitis
83
Quadriceps
rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus intermedius
vastus medialis
84
Hamstring
semitendinosus
semimembranosus
biceps femoris
85
injection administered in the muscle
intramuscular injection
86
sites of IM
Deltoid site
Dorso-gluteal site
Ventro-gluteal
Vastus Lateralis
87
most common site for small volumes
Deltoid site
88
Deltoid site
locate the acromion process, place a finger on the process and measure 3 fingerbreaths down
89
adults only
Dorso-gluteal site
90
Landmarks of dorso-gluteal site
posterior superior iliac spine
| greater trochanter
91
Dorso-gluteal site
imaginary line is drawn between 2 landmards. Find the center of the line and move 1 inch above the line
92
most comfortable and safest
ventro-gluteal
93
landmarks of ventro-gluteal
greater trochanter
ASIS
Iliac crest
94
Ventro-gluteal
with the patien on the side, place palm of hand on greather trochanter. index finger on ASIS and middle finger toward iliac crest
95
site for newborn/infants
vastus lateralis
96
vastus lateralis
divid the thigh into 3 parts. inject at the middle third
