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Anatomy > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of Muscular System

A

produce movement
maintain posture
generate heat
stabilize joints

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2
Q

Three Types of Muscle Tissue

A

Skeletal/Voluntary/Striated
Smooth/Involuntary/Non-striated
Cardiac

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3
Q

muscles attached to the skeletal system and constitutes approx. 40% of body weight

A

Skeletal Muscle

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4
Q

arranged in 2 layers, one running circularly and the other longitudinally

A

Smooth Muscle

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5
Q

found only in the heart

A

Cardiac

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6
Q

Chemical Composition of Muscle Tissues

A

70% water
20% protein
5% carbohydrate, lipid, inorganic salts

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7
Q

Connective Tissue Sheathes Which Surround the Skeletal Muscles

A

Epimysium
Perimysium
Endomysium

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8
Q

tougher coat of connective tissue that bound many fascicle

A

Epimysium (fascia)

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9
Q

coarser fibrous membrane that covers bundle of fibers called fascicles

A

Perimysium

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10
Q

bundle of muscle fibers

A

fascicle

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11
Q

a delicate loose connective tissue that surrounds each muscle fiber

A

Endomysium

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12
Q
  • cytoplasm of each muscle cell

- contains numerous myofibrils

A

Sarcoplasm

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13
Q
  • a threadlike structure that extends from one end of the muscle fiber to the other
  • consists of myofilaments (proteins) myosin and actin
A

Myofibrils

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14
Q
  • comprises the larger thick filaments that are made mostly of bundled molecules of the protein myosin
  • resemble like minute golf clubs
  • extends the entire length of a dark A band and the mid parts of the filaments are smooth but their ends are studded with small projections
A

Myosin filaments

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15
Q
  • part that attaches to exposed sites on the actin and - —– known as cross bridge when they link the thick and thin filaments together during contraction
A

myosin heads

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16
Q

myosin heads when they link the thick and thin filaments together during contraction

A

cross bridge

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17
Q

comprises the tin filaments/myofilaments which resemble 2 minute strands of pearls twisted together
anchored to the Z disc (disc-like membrane)

A

Actin filaments

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18
Q

calcium-binding sites attached at specific intervals along actin filaments

A

Troponin

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19
Q
  • expose attachment sites on the actin myofilaments when calcium binds to troponin
  • cover attachment sites when calcium is not bound to troponin
A

Tropomyosin

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20
Q
  • highly ordered arrangement of myosin and actin
  • basic structural and functional unit of a skeletal muscle
  • contractile unit of muscle
  • extends from on Z-disc to another Z-dic
A

Sarcomere

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21
Q
  • darker, central region of the sarcomere

- extends the length of myosin filaments

A

A band

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22
Q
  • a network of protein fibers for the attachment of actin

- attachment point of actin

A

Z line

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23
Q
  • a light band which consist only of actin

- spans each Z disk and ends at the myosin filaments

A

I band

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24
Q
  • light zone which contains only of myosin

- disappears during contraction

A

H zone

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25
Q
  • dark, straining band at the center of the sarcomere where myosin is anchored
  • attachment point of myosin
A

M line

26
Q

cell membrane of the muscle fiber

A

Sarcolemma

27
Q
  • tube-like invagination located along the surface of sarcolemma
  • arranged at regular intervals along the muscle fiber and wrap around sarcomeres where the myosin and actin filaments overlap
  • connect the sarcolemma to the sarcoplasmic reticulum
A

Transverse/T-tubules

28
Q

nerve cells along which action potentials travel to skeletal muscle fibers

A

Motor Neuron

29
Q

consist of a single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fiber it innervates

A

Motor Unit

30
Q
  • junction between a branch of an axon and a muscle - - — fiber function is to release Ach in response to an action potential at the neuromuscular junction
A

Neuromuscular Junction or Synapse

31
Q

axon terminal

A

Presynaptic terminal

32
Q
  • space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle fiber membrane
  • Na is abundant
A

Synaptic Cleft

33
Q

muscle membrane fiber

A

Postsynaptic Membrane

34
Q

small vesicles in the presynaptic terminal which contain acetylcholine

A

Synaptic Vesicles

35
Q
  • a molecule released by the presynaptic nerve cell that stimulates or inhibit a post synaptic cell
  • neurotransmitter
A

acetylcholine

36
Q

enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine

A

Acetylcholinesterase

37
Q
  • the sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin ———— - myofilaments during contraction
A

Sliding Filament Model

38
Q

Types of Muscle Contraction

A

Isotonic

Isometric

39
Q
  • myofilaments are successful in their sliding movements

- muscle shortens and movement occurs

A

Isotonic

40
Q
  • contraction in which muscles do not shorten; no net movement
  • myofilaments are trying to slide but muscle is pitted against some immovable object
A

Isometric

41
Q

Physiologic Properties of Muscle

A 
Excitability
Contractility
Tonus
Extensibility
Elasticity
42
Q

the capacity of the skeletal muscle to respond to stimulus

A

Excitability

43
Q

the ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force

A

Contractility

44
Q

the ability of the skeletal muscle to sustain partial contraction in response to stretch receptors

A

Tonus

45
Q

skeletal muscle can be stretch

A

Extensibility

46
Q

the ability of the skeletal muscle to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched

A

Elasticity

47
Q

Types of Muscles

A

Prime mover/ Agonist
Antagonist
Synergists
Fixators

48
Q
  • muscle that has major responsibility for causing a particular movement
  • produces flexion
A

Agonist/Prime Mover

49
Q
  • muscles that oppose or reverse a movement

- for muscles with opposing action

A

Antagonist

50
Q
  • muscles that help prime movers by producing the same movement or by reducing undesirable movements
  • group of muscles working together to produce a movement
A

Synergists

51
Q
  • specialized synergist that hold a bone still or stabilize the origin of a prime mover
  • postural muscles that stabilize the vertebral column, muscles that anchor the scapula to the thorax
A

Fixators

52
Q
  • the head
  • fixed
  • attached to the immovable or less immovable bone
A

Origin

53
Q
  • end of the muscle attached to the movable bone
  • when muscles contract, itmoves toward the origin
  • mobile
A

insertion

54
Q

longest muscle in the body

A

Sartorius

55
Q

nuclei in skeletal muscle

A

sarcolemma

56
Q
  • smooth endoplasmic reticulum

- has a high concentration of calcium ions

A

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

57
Q

provides the final go signal for contractions

A

Calcium`=

58
Q

long, threadlike extension of a neuron

A

nerve fiber or axon

59
Q

Potassium diffuses from this

A

sarcolemma

60
Q

products of breakdown of acetylcholine

A

acetic acid

choline (goes back to axon terminal)

61
Q

acetylcholine receptors are present in these folds

A

sarcolemma

Anatomy (19 decks)

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