Blood

Question 1

Function of Blood

Answer 1

Transportation
Regulation
Protection

Question 2

Composition of Blood

Answer 2

55% Plasma

45% Blood Cells

Question 3

fluid portion of blood

watery, liquid matrix that contains dissolved substances

Answer 3

Plasma

Question 4

Composition of Plasma

Answer 4

91-91.5% water
1.5-2% other solutes
7% proteins

Question 5

proteins

Answer 5

albumin (produced in liver)
globulin
fibrinogen

Question 6

function of albumin

Answer 6

maintain oncotic osmotic pressure

Question 7

edema

Answer 7

plasma accumulating in extravascular/ interstitial space

Question 8

ascites

Answer 8

accumulation of excess fluid in peritoneal cavity

Question 9

globulin that binds and transports iron

Answer 9

transferrin

Question 10

other examples of globulin

Answer 10

IGg

IGm

Question 11

Fibrinogen is converted into

Answer 11

fibrin

Question 12

function of fibrin

Answer 12

clotting

Question 13

final product of ammonia (toxic)

Answer 13

urea

Question 14

formed elements of blood

Answer 14

Blood Cells

Question 15

Composition of Blood cells

Answer 15

95% RBC

5% WBC and Platelets

Question 16

shape of RBC

Answer 16

biconcave, disc-shaped

Question 17

diameter of RBC

Answer 17

7-8 um

Question 18

description of RBC

Answer 18

has no nucleus
strong flexible membrane
contains hemoglobin
transports oxygen

Question 19

oxygen-carrying protein

Answer 19

hemoglobin

Question 20

1 hemoglobin=

Answer 20

4 irons, 4 O molecules

Question 21

1 RBC =

Answer 21

4 million hemoglobin molecules

Question 22

increase in RBC

Answer 22

Erythrocytosis

Question 23

decrease in RBC

Answer 23

Erythropenia

Question 24

normal RBC count

Answer 24

M- 5.4 million/microliter

F-4.8 million/microliter

Question 25

lifespan of RBC

Answer 25

120 days

Question 26

a hormone secreted by the kidneys that stimulates Red Bone marrow to produce RBC

Answer 26

erythropoietin

Question 27

percentage of total blood volume occupied by RBC

Answer 27

Hematocrit

Question 28

normal vol.

Answer 28

M - 40-46% (ave. 47%) | F - 38-46% (ave. 42%)

Question 29

storage form of iron in liver

Answer 29

Ferritin

Question 30

concentrates bile

Answer 30

Gallbladder

Question 31

emulsifies fats

Answer 31

bile

Question 32

green pigment

Answer 32

Biliverdin

Question 33

yellow pigment

Answer 33

bilirubin

Question 34

reason for yellow urine

Answer 34

urobilin

Question 35

reason of brown stool

Answer 35

stercobilin

Question 36

Classifications of Leukocytes

Answer 36

``` Granular Leukocytes (Red bone marrow) Agranular Leukocytes (Lymphatic Tissue) ```

Question 37

NV = 60 - 70% most common WBC Small cytoplasmic granules that stain with acidic and basic dyes Nuclei commonly lobed (2-4) remain in blood for short time (10-12 hrs) move to other tissues

Answer 37

Neutrophils

Question 38

Function of Neutrophils

Answer 38

Phagocytize microorganisms and other foreign substances

Question 39

neutrophils respond to

Answer 39

acute bacterial infection

Question 40

NV = 2-4% granules stain bright red with eosin - acid stain 2- lobed nucleus

Answer 40

Eosinophils

Question 41

Function of Eosinophils

Answer 41

release chemicals that reduce inflammation (allergy) | produce chemicals involved with destruction of certain worm parasites

Question 42

NV = 0.5 - 1 % | large cytoplasmic granules that stain blue or purple with basic dyes

Answer 42

Basophils

Question 43

Function of basophils

Answer 43

liberate histamine, serotonin and other chemicals that promote inflammation release heparin which prevent formation of clot

Question 44

NV = 20-25% smallest WBC cytoplasm only consists of thin, sometimes imperceptible ring around nucleus

Answer 44

Lymphocytes

Question 45

types of lymphocytes

Answer 45

B cells T cells Natural Killer cells

Question 46

Lymphocytes activate during

Answer 46

viral infection

Question 47

function of lymphocytes

Answer 47

produce antibodies and other chemicals that destroy microorganisms

Question 48

develop into plasma cells which secrete antibodies

Answer 48

B cells

Question 49

attack invading viruses, cancer cells and transplanted tissue cells

Answer 49

T cells

Question 50

attack invading and wide varieties of infectious microbes

Answer 50

Natural Killer cells

Question 51

NV = 3-8% largest WBC cytoplasm is blue-gray and has foamy appearance nucleus is kidney-shaped or horse-shoe shaped

Answer 51

Monocytes

Question 52

Function of monocytes

Answer 52

phagocytosis (after transformed into fixed of wandering macrophages) phagocytize bacteia, dead cells, cell fragments and other debris within tissue break down phagocytized cell and present to lymphocytes resulting in activation of lymphocytes

Question 53

monocytes respond to

Answer 53

chronic phase of infection

Question 54

other name of platelets

Answer 54

thrombocytes

Question 55

fragments enclosed by a piece of plasma mebrane | NV 150,000-400,000 uL

Answer 55

platelets

Question 56

function of platelets

Answer 56

helps stop blood loss by damaged blood vessels by forming platelet plug

Question 57

other name of blood clotting

Answer 57

coagulation

Question 58

network of threadlike protein fibers called fibrin that traps blood cells, platelets and fluid

Answer 58

clot

Question 59

system used to categorize human blood

Answer 59

ABO blood group

Question 60

located on surface of RBC

Answer 60

Antigen

Question 61

located on plasma

Answer 61

Antibody

Question 62

rupture of RBCs and release of hemoglobin into plasma

Answer 62

hemolysis

Question 63

agglutination

Answer 63

clumping

Question 64

other name of HDN (Hemolytic disease of newborn)

Answer 64

Erythroblastosis Fetalis

Question 65

vaccine for HDN

Answer 65

RhoGam

Question 66

normal blood pH

Answer 66

7.35-7.45 | slightly alkaline