Integumentary System Flashcards
Functions of Integumentary System
Protection Sensation Production of Vitamin D Temperature Regulation Excretion
Two major tissue layers of Sking
Epidermis
Dermis
type of tissues in Epidermis
squamous epithelium
Layers
Stratum basale Stratum spinosum Stratum granulosum Stratum lucidum Stratum corneum
other name of Stratum basale
Stratum germinativum
duration of cell division in Stratum basale
19 days
description of Stratum spinosum
8-10 layers of many-sided keratinocytes
description of Stratum granulosum
3-5 layers flat keratinocytes
description of Stratum lucidum
3-5 layers hairless keratinocytes
description of Stratum corneum
20-30 layers dead keratinocytes
Principal Types of Cells in Epidermis
Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Langerhans
Merkel Cells
programmed cell death
Apoptosis
Where does Apoptosis occur
Stratum granulosum
duration of journey from stratum basale to corneum
40-56 days
Keratinocytes account to ____% of Epidermis
90
Two major Parts of Keratinocytes
Keratin and Lamellar Granules
Function of Lamellar Granules
h20 Repellant and Sealant
Lipid-Rich Granules
Lamellar Granules
Melanocytes account to ____% of the Epidermis
8
Functions of Melanocytes
skin color, protection
Langerhans function
immune responses
formed by red bone marrow, migrates to blood vessels then to epidermis
Langerhans
Function of Merkel cells
contact with tactile disc of sensory neuron; sensation
type of tissue in Dermis
dense connective tissue
nerves, hair follicles, smooth muscles, glands and lymphatic vessels extend into the dermis from the hypodermis
dermis
2 layers of dermis
Papillary layer
Reticular layer
activated Vitamin D
Calcitriol
function of Calcitriol
to facilitate the absorption of calcium in small intestine
deficiency of calcium of bones
osetomalacia
deficiency of calcium of bones in children
rickets
upper dermal region
papillary layer
fingerlike projections from the upper part of the dermis which extend toward the epidermis
dermal papillae
deepest skin layer
reticular layer
contains blood vessels, sweat and oil glands and deep pressure receptors
reticular layer
type of muscle in Arrector Pili
smooth
contraction causes the hair to stand up
Arrector Pili muscle
Sebaceous glands are found all over the skin except:
soles and palms
function of sebum
lubricate hair and skin surface
Other name of sweat glands
sudoriferous glands
2 types of Sweat glands
eccrine/merocrine
apocrine
almost ever part of skin especially palms and soles
produce sweat
eccrine
other name of eccrine
merocrine
clear secretion mostly water with a few salts
sweat
produce a thick secretion rich in organic substances
apocrine glands
apocrine glands are open to
hair follicles only in axillae and genitalia
cutaneous glands are influenced by
hormones
skin appendages
cutaneous glands,hair, nails
nails consist of
layers of dead stratum corneum with hard keratin
visible part of nail
nail body
acts as a protective shield, shielding the delicate tissues of the underlying nailbed
nail plate
found under the nail
nail bed
part of the nail covered by skin
nail root
stratum corneum that extends into the nail body; protects matrix
cuticle or eponychium
from which the nail root extends distally, responsible for nail growth
nail matrix
whitish, crescent-shaped area at the base of the nail
lunula
produced by a hair follicle
hair
sac-like structure in the skin that surrounds the hair root
hair follicle
stratum basale epithelial cells that divide to form hair
hair bulb matrix
part of the hair enclosed in the hair follicle
hair root
part of the hair projecting from the scalp or skin
hair shaft
three layers of the shaft
medulla
cortex
cuticle
central core of a hair
medulla
surrounds the medulla
cortex
outermost layer of cells that surrounds the cortex
cuticle