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Anatomy > Cell > Flashcards

Cell Flashcards

1
Q

A double stranded copy of a single stranded RNA molecule

A

DNA

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2
Q

A two layered membrane surrounding the chromosomes of a cell. The membrane has pores and its outer layer is continuous with the ER of the cell

A

Nuclear membrane/nuclear envelope

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3
Q

A spherical structure in the nucleus of a cell, made of DNA, RNA and protein

Synthesis of rRNA

A

Nucleoli

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4
Q

For building if ribosomes

A

Nucleoli

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5
Q

Loose network of bumpy threads that is scattered throughout the nucleus that is made of DNA and protein

A

Chromatin

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6
Q

Permeability of cell membrane

A

Semi-permeable

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7
Q

Its structure consists of two lipid layers arranged “tail to tail” in which protein molecules float

A

Plasma membrane

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8
Q

Permit lipid soluble materials to enter of leave cell by diffusion through cell membrane

A

Phospholipids

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9
Q

Provides greater stability to the membrane

A

Cholesterol

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10
Q

Scattered in the lipid bilayer and responsible for most of the specialized functions of the membrane

A

Proteins

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11
Q

Fluid inside the cell or cytoplasm

A

Cytosol/ intracellular fluid

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12
Q

Fluid outside cell

A

Extracellular fluid/ interstitial fluid

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13
Q

Permits passage of small water soluble materials

A

Pores

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14
Q

Help substances enter the cell

A

Enzymes or carriers

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15
Q

Binding sites for hormones or other chemical messengers

A

Receptor sites

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16
Q

Dentify cells of individuals as “self”

A

Antigens

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17
Q

Branching sugars attached to most proteins abutting the extracellular space making the cell surface fuzzy,sticky,sugar rich area

A

Glycoproteins

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18
Q

A semitransparent fluid that suspends the other elements

A

Cytosol

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19
Q

Composition of cells

A

CHON

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20
Q

are not functioning units, but instead are chemical substances that may or may not be present, depending on the specific cell type

A

Inclusions

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21
Q

are the metabolic machinery of the cell

A

organelles

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22
Q

organelles where proteins are produced

A

ribosomes

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23
Q

a series of membranes forming sacs and tubules that extends from the outer nuclear membrane into the cytoplasm

A

ER

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24
Q

consist of closely packed stacks of curved, membrane sacs

A

Golgi apparatus

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25
Q

functions of golgi apparatus

A

collects, modifies, packages, distributes CHON and lipids

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26
Q

are membrane-bound vesicles formed from the Golgi apparatus

intracellular digestive system

A

Lysosome

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27
Q

are small, membrane-bound vesicles containing enzymes that break down fatty acids, amino acids and H2o2

A

Perixosome

28
Q

function of lysosome

A

digest any worn out or damaged cell/organelle

29
Q

are small, bean-shaped organelles which are the major sites of ATP production within cells
aerobic respiration

A

Mitochondria

30
Q

consist of proteins that support the cell, hold organelles in place, and enable the cell to change shape

A

Cytoskeleton

31
Q

determines the overall shape of a cell

A

microtubules

32
Q

strong, stable rope like

A

intermediate filaments

33
Q

cell motility, producing changes in cell shape

A

microfilaments

34
Q

small, cylindrical organelle composed of nine triplets, each consisting of 3 parallel microtubules joined together

A

centrioles

35
Q

mobile threadlike projections (sweeps materials across cell surface (respiratory system) )

A

cilia

36
Q

for motility or movement of sperm cell; tail

A

flagellum

37
Q

lipid synthesis; detoxification of chemicals and drugs

A

sER

38
Q

hydrophilic

A

polar heads

39
Q

hydrophobic

A

polar tails

40
Q

cells that are meter in length

A

nuerons

41
Q

permeability of phospholipid

A

permeable

42
Q

how does water pass through?

A

through protein

43
Q

bones and muscles of the cell

A

cytoskeleton

44
Q

formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources

A

gluconeogenesis

45
Q

substances are transported across the membrane without any energy (ATP) input from the cell

A

Passive transport

46
Q

Membrane Transport mechanisms

A

Passive Transport

Active transport

47
Q

movement of molecules from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration

A

diffusion

48
Q

the tendency of the solutes, such as ions or molecules to move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration of that solute in solution

A

simple diffusion

49
Q

the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane, such as the cell membrane, from a region of higher water concentration to one of lower water concentration

A

osmosis

50
Q

a carrier-mediated (protein channels) transport process that moves substances into and out of cells from a higher to a lower concentration

A

facilitated diffusion

51
Q

a carrier-mediated process that moves substances across the cell membrane from regions of lower concentration to those of higher concentration against a concentration gradient (uses ATP)

A

Active Transport

52
Q

the movement of substances from lower concentrated area to higher concentrated area by protein carriers that uses ATP

A

Solute Pumping

53
Q

Examples of Solute pumping

A

Sodium-Potassium Pump, amino acids

54
Q

substances that cannot get though the plasma membrane in any other way are transported with the help of ATP

A

Bulk Transport

55
Q

Two types of Bulk transport

A

Exocytostis

Endocytosis

56
Q

moves substances out of the cell

A

Exocytosis

57
Q

includes ATP requiring processes that take up, or engulf, extra cellular substances by enclosing thm in a small membranous vesicle

A

Endocytosis

58
Q

examples of endocytosis

A

phagocytosis

pinocytosis

59
Q

cell-eating

A

phagocytosis

60
Q

cell-drinking

A

pinocytosis

61
Q

produces 2 daughter cells identical to the parent cell; each of these cells will have 46 chromosomes

it has no resting phase

A

mitosis

62
Q

time between cell divisions
DNA is found as thin threads of chromatin in the nucleus
DNA replication occurs

A

Interphase

63
Q

part of immune cells; monocytes

A

macrophages

64
Q

3 phases in interphase

A

G1, S, G2

65
Q

8-10 hrs

A

G1

66
Q

8 hrs

A

S

67
Q

4-6 hrs

A

G2

Anatomy (19 decks)

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