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Anatomy > Anatomy Lab Endterm > Flashcards

Anatomy Lab Endterm Flashcards

1
Q

major function of cardiovascular system

A

transportation

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2
Q

structure that surrounds heart anteriorly

A

sternum and ribs from second intercostal space to fifth intercostal space

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3
Q

structure that surrounds heart posteriorly

A

thoracic vertebrae from fifth to eighth vertebrae

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4
Q

structure that surrounds heart laterally

A

lungs (right and left)

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5
Q

structure that surrounds heart superiorly

A

bounded by second rib

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6
Q

structure that surrounds heart inferiorly

A

diaphragm

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7
Q

inner lining of heart

A

endocardium

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8
Q

muscle; helps in contraction of heart

A

myocardium

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9
Q

outer surface of heart

A

epicardium

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10
Q

hollow part of heart where blood enters

A

chambers

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11
Q

oxygenated blood vessel

A

arteries

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12
Q

deoxygenated blood vessel

A

veins

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13
Q

oxygenated heart blood vessel

A

pulmonary veins

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14
Q

deoxygenated heart blood vessel

A

pulmonary artery

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15
Q

contraction of ventricles

A

systole

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16
Q

relaxation of ventricles

A

diastole

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17
Q

feed heart with oxygenated blood

A

coronary arteries

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18
Q

thicker myocardium

A

left ventricle

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19
Q

instrument for measuring blood pressure

A

sphygmomanometer

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20
Q

pattern of electrical impulses that are generated by the heart

A

EKG or Electrocardiogram

Electrocardiography or ECG

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21
Q

record of the movement of electrical activity through the upper heart chambers when they contract

A

P wave

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22
Q

record of electrical impulses through the lower heart chamber (ventricles when they contract)

A

QRS Complex

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23
Q

a straight level line between the QRS Complex and T wave elevated or lowered ST segment may mean the heart muscle is damaged or not receiving enough blood

A

ST segment

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24
Q

corresponds to the period when the lower heart chambers are relaxing and preparing for the next muscle contraction

A

T Wave

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25
Q

Electrical Conduction System of Heart

A 
SA node
AV node
Bundle of HIs
Right and Left Bundle Branches
Purkinje Fibers
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26
Q

natural pacemaker of heart

A

SA Node

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27
Q

delays the ventricular contraction

A

AV node

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28
Q

sound after systole before diastole

A

Korotkoff sound

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29
Q

sound produced by the closure of AV valves

louder and longer

lower pitch

A

lub

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30
Q

produced by the closure of the SA valves

short and sharp

higher pitch

A

dub

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31
Q

gives the cardiac cycle its systematic nature of contraction

A

Electrical conduction system

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32
Q

alternating surges of pressure in an artery that occur with each beat of the left ventricle

A

pulse

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33
Q

normal pulse rate

A

70-76 beats per minute

60-80 beats per minute

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34
Q

pulse rate equals

A

heart rate

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35
Q

Superficial pulse points

A 
Common Carotid
Temporal Artery
Facial Artery
Brachial Artery
Radial Artery
Femoral Artery
Popliteal Artery
Posterior Tibial Artery
Dorsalis Pedis Artery
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36
Q

pressure the blood exerts against the inner blood vessel wall

A

blood pressure

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37
Q

blood vessel where blood pressure is highest

A

arteries

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38
Q

unit of blood pressure

A

mmHg

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39
Q

numerator

A

systolic BP

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40
Q

denominator

A

diastolic BP

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41
Q

Factors Affecting BP

A

blood volume
strength of heart contraction
blood viscosity/ peripheral resistance
cardiac rate

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42
Q

higher blood volume

A

higher BP

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43
Q

the stronger each contraction is

A

the more blood it pumps into arteries

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44
Q

the lower viscosity

A

the lower BP

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45
Q

high BP

A

causes damage to blood vessels

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46
Q

low BP

A

cease in blood flow

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47
Q

Artery

A 
no valves
has higher influence in BP
thicker walls
delivers blood away from heart
carries oxygenated blood
transports blood with high pressure
narrow lumen
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48
Q

Vein

A 
presence of valves
thinner walls
delivers blood to heart
carries unoxygenated blood
absence of pulse
wider lumen
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49
Q

smallest structural units of the Respiratory System

site of actual gas exchange

A

alveoli

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50
Q

organ of olfaction

A

nose

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51
Q

common pathway of air and food

A

pharynx

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52
Q

connects the pharynx with the trachea

A

larynx

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53
Q

windpipe

A

trachea

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54
Q

terminal potion of the trachea that divides into left and right airways

A

bronchi

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55
Q

smaller airways or branches

A

bronchioles

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56
Q

respiratory centers

A

pons

medulla oblongata

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57
Q

serous membrane surrounding the lungs

A

pleura

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58
Q

Adam’s apple

A

thyroid cartilage

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59
Q

inflammation of the bronchi accompanied by mucus production and impaired breathing

A

bronchitis

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60
Q

destruction of the walls of the alveoli

A

emphysema

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61
Q

Replacement of lung tissue with fibrous connective tissue and caused by excessive exposure to asbestos, silica or coal dust

A

pulmonary fibrosis

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62
Q

common in premature infants associated with inadequate amount of surfactant and the lungs tend to collapse

A

respiratory distress syndrom

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63
Q

any infection of the lungs

A

pneumonia

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64
Q

bacterial respiratory infection characterized by severe coughing and clear tenacious mucus

A

whooping cough

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65
Q

shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing and viscous mucus

A

asthma

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66
Q

progressive disorder characterized by obstruction of air flow resulting in decreased inspiration and expiration capabilities of the lungs

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

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67
Q

bacterial respiratory infection characterized by formation of small lumplike lesions called tubercles in the lungs

A

tuberculosis

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68
Q

presence of blood in pleura

A

hemothorax

69
Q

Secretions of salivary glands

A

salivary amylase
salivary lipase
no secretions for protein

70
Q

salivary amylase

A

digest starch to maltose

71
Q

salivary lipase

A

breakdown of fats to glycerol and fatty acids

72
Q

secretions of stomach

A

none for carbs
none for fats
pepsin

73
Q

pepsin

A

controls acidity of stomach

74
Q

secretions of liver

A

none for carbs
bile
non for protein

75
Q

secretions of pancreas

A

pancreatic amylase
pancreatic lipase
trypsin

76
Q

secretions of small intestine

A

disaccharidases
lipase
peptidase

77
Q

products of digestion

A 
water
monosaccharides
amino acids
positive ions
fatty acids
vitamin b 12
calcium ions
vitamin ADEK
negative ions
Vitamin C
78
Q

water

A

osmosis

79
Q

monosaccharides

A

co-transport

80
Q

amino acids

A

active transport

81
Q

positive ions

A

active transport

82
Q

fatty acids

A

simple diffusion

83
Q

vitamin b12

A

water soluble

84
Q

calcium ions

A

active transport with aid of Vitamin D

85
Q

Vitamin ADEK

A

fat soluble

86
Q

negative ions

A

positive transport

87
Q

vitamin C

A

water soluble

88
Q

storage of urin

A

urinary bladder

89
Q

duct where urine passes through from kidney to bladder

A

ureter

90
Q

passageway of urine between bladder to external part of body

A

urethra

91
Q

bean-shaped organ; excretory organ, purifies blood and removes waste

A

kidney

92
Q

outer portion of kidney between renal capsule and renal medulla

A

renal cortex

93
Q

collects urine from minor calyx

A

major calyx

94
Q

larger funnel formed by union of calyxes

A

renal pelvis

95
Q

collects urine from one of the renal papilla

A

manior calyx

96
Q

carries urine from renal pelvis to urinary bladder

A

ureter

97
Q

expansion of closed end of renal tubule

A

bowman’s capsule/glomerular capsule

98
Q

cluster or network of capillaries around the end of kidney tubule

A

glomerulus

99
Q

any of the long winding tubule of the kidney in which urine is formed

A

urinary tubules

100
Q

used to evaluate physical characteristics of urine

detects presence of protein, glucose, ketone bodies and produce of incomplete fat metabolism, sediments, cast, crystals

A

urinalysis

101
Q

purposes of urinalysis

A

detect metabolic disease unrelated to renal disease

to detect substance used

102
Q

normal color of urine

A

yellow

103
Q

odor of urine

A

pungent or aromatic

104
Q

range of pH

A

4.5-8

105
Q

normal pH

A

7

106
Q

too much or too low pH

A

kidney stone

107
Q

pH more than normal/ basic urine

A

UTI

Metabolic and respiratory alkalosis

108
Q

pH less than normal/ acidic urine

A

Ketonuria
Renal tuberculosis
Diarrhea
Dehydration

109
Q

presence of protein in urine

A

proteinuria

110
Q

diseases associated with proteinuria

A

DM (odor - fruity)
hypertension
hepatitis

111
Q

presence of sugar in urine

A

glycosuria

112
Q

disease associated with glycosuria

A

DM

113
Q

presence of bilirubin in urine

A

problem in liver

114
Q

presence of blood cells in urine

A

hematuria

115
Q

disease associated with hematuria

A

bleeding in GUT (Genito urinary tract)

116
Q

presence of cast in urine

A

renal disease

117
Q

presence of crystals (calcium oxylate) in urine

A

hypercalcemia

118
Q

specific gravity of urine

A

1.002 - 1.035

119
Q

if specific gravity of urine is more than 1.035

A

hydration

120
Q

if specific gravity of urine is less than 1.002

A

dehydration

121
Q

main responsibility of male reproductive system

A

production of spermatozoa

production of male sex hormones

122
Q

process of transferring sperm during sexual intercourse

A

in-vitro fertilization

123
Q

primary hormones involved in the functioning of the male reproductive system

A

FSH
LH
testosterone

124
Q

FSH and LH are produced in

A

pituitary gland

125
Q

necessary for sperm production (spermatogenesis)

A

FSH

126
Q

stimulates production of testosterone which is necessary to continue the process of spermatogenesis

A

LH

127
Q

important in development of male characteristics including muscle mass and strength, fat distribution, bone mass and sex drive

A

testosterone

128
Q

2 divisions of male reproductive system

A

primary sex organs

secondary sex organs

129
Q

known as the gonads; commonly known as testes

A

primary sex organs

130
Q

responsible for production of spermatozoa

production and secretion of male sex hormones

A

testes

131
Q

hormones that lead to production of secondary sex organs

A

androgens

132
Q

carry and transport the spermatozoa

A

secondary male sex organs

133
Q

male organ for sexual intercourse

A

penis

134
Q

3 parts of penis

A

root
body or shaft
glum

135
Q

attaches to wall of abdomen

A

root

136
Q

cone-shaped end of the penis

A

glum

137
Q

head of penis

A

glans penis

138
Q

glans is covered with a loose layer of skin

A

foreskin

139
Q

opening of urethra

A

tip of glans penis

140
Q

tube that transports semen and urine

A

urethra

141
Q

loose pouch-like sac of the skin that hangs behind the penis

contains testicles/testes as well as many nerves and blood vessels

A

scrotum

142
Q

function of scrotum

A

protective function

climate control system

143
Q

for normal sperm development, temperature of testes must be

A

slightly cooler than body

144
Q

testicles move closer to body

A

warm

145
Q

testicles move farther away from body

A

cool temperature

146
Q

transports mature sperm to the urethra in preparation for ejaculation

A

vas deferens

147
Q

formed by fusion of the vas deferens and seminal vesicles

empty into urethra

A

ejaculatory ducts

148
Q

sac-like pouches that attach to the vas deferens near the base of the bladder

A

seminal vesicles

149
Q

function of seminal vesicles

A

produce a sugar-rich fluid that provides sperm with a source of energy

helps sperms’ motility

150
Q

primary sex organs of the female reproductive system

small rounded organs suspended in the pelvic cavity by ligaments

A

ovaries

151
Q

attaches the ovaries to the broad ligament

A

ovarian mesentery/mesovarium

152
Q

support the ovaries

A

suspensory ligaments

ovarian ligaments

153
Q

narrow tube with a ciliated lining

conducts a mature ovum from the area of the ovary toward the uterus

usual site of fertilization

A

uterine tube/fallopian tube/ oviduct

154
Q

surround fallopian tube’s margin at its ovarian end

A

fimbriae

155
Q

signle muscular sac at the midline in the pelvic cavity

A

uterus

156
Q

larger,rounded portion in which is located the main part of the uterine cavity

A

body of the uterus

157
Q

narrow, inferior portion of the uterus

A

cervix

158
Q

the portion of the peritoneum that forms the outer uterine wall

A

serous layer of the uterus

159
Q

the muscular middle layer of the uterine wall

A

myometrium

160
Q

inner layer of the uterine wall

A

endometrium

161
Q

muscular canal that receives the male penis during sexual intercourse

functions as birth canal during delivery

exit of sloughed-off endometrium during menstruation

A

vagina

162
Q

thin membrane that covers partially or entirely the opening of vagina

A

hymen

163
Q

external genitals of female

A

vulva or pudendum

164
Q

central space of vulva, into which the vagina and urethra open

A

vestibule

165
Q

female glans, a small erectile structure in the anterior corner of the anterior corner of the vestibule

A

clitoris

166
Q

a pair of thin, longitudinal folds, one on each side of the vestibule

A

labia minora

167
Q

a pair of thick, longitudinal folds lateral to the labia minora

A

labia majora

168
Q

fatty mound, covered with hair, over the pubic bone

A

mons pubis

Anatomy (19 decks)

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