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BSCI202: Anatomy & Physiology II > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Urochrome

A

Chemical compound from hemoglobin breakdown that gives urine its yellow color.

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2
Q

Urea

A

Largest urine solute compound from amino acid breakdown

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3
Q

Uric acid

A

Smallest urine solute component made from nucleic acid metabolism

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4
Q

Creatinine

A

Metabolite of creatine phosphate

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5
Q

Type of cell the mucosa of the bladder is made of

A

Transitional epithelium

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6
Q

Internal urethral sphincter

A

Involuntary sphincter at the bladder-urethra junction

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7
Q

External urethral sphincter

A

Voluntary muscle surrounding the urethra inferior to internal urethral sphincter

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8
Q

Asymmetry of kidneys

A

Right kidney is lower than the left due to the liver

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9
Q

Renal hilum

A

Medial indentation for ureter, renal vessels, and nerves

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10
Q

Renal blood flow

A

-20% Cardiac output passing through the kidneys each minute
-20% * 5L/min=1L/min=1440 L/min

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11
Q

4 basic steps of renal blood flow

A

-Filtration
-Reabsorption
-Secretion
-Excretion

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12
Q

Renal calculi

A

Kidney stones in renal pelvis made of crystallized calcium, magnesium, or uric acid salts

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13
Q

Treatment for renal calculi

A

Shock wave lithotripsy to break them down to smaller pieces

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14
Q

Glycosuria

A

Glucose in urine

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15
Q

Proteinuria

A

Proteins in urine

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16
Q

Pyuria

A

Pus in urine

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17
Q

Hematuria

A

RBC’s in urine

18
Q

Hemoglobinuria

A

Hemoglobin in urinr

19
Q

Glomerular filtration

A

Glomerular capillary bed (Glomerulus) to glomerular capsule (Bowman’s capsule)

19
Q

Blirubinuria

A

Bile pigment in urine

20
Q

Age where control of external urethral sphincter begins

A

18 months

21
Q

Reabsorption

A

Tubules to peritubular capillaries

22
Q

Secretion

A

Peritubular capillaries to tubules

23
Q

Excretion

A

Tubules to eventually secrete from the body

24
Q

% distribution of types of nephrons

A

-Cortical nephrons (85%)
-Juxtamedullary nephrons (15%)

25
Q

Histology of parietal layer of glomerular capsule/Bowmans capsule

A

Simple squamous epithelium

26
Q

Histology of visceral layer of glomerular capsule

A

Podocyte (Foot process to wrap around glomerular capillaries to form filtration slits)

27
Q

Histology of the proximal convoluted tubule

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

28
Q

Histology of the distal convoluted tubule

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

29
Q

Histology of the nephron loop/loop of henle

A

-Descending & Thin ascending limb: Simple squamous epithelium
-Thick ascending limb: simple cuboidal or low columnar epithelium

30
Q

Histology of collecting duct cells

A

Simple cuboidal to columnar epithelium

31
Q

Vasa recta

A

Capillary bed only found in juxtamedullar nephrons around the loop of henle

32
Q

Podocytes

A

Specialized cells of renal corpuscle that form filtration slits in the visceral wall of the bowmans capsule

33
Q

Glomerular filtration rate

A

-Volume of filtrate from glomerular capillaries to capsular space in 1 minute
-20% * RPF = 125mL/min = 180 L/day

34
Q

4 starling pressures of net filtration pressure

A

-Hydrostatic pressure of glomerular capillaries
-Oncotic pressure of glomerular capillaries
-Hydrostatic pressure of bowmans space
-Oncotic pressure of bowmans space

35
Q

Juxtamedullary apparatus

A

-Specialized structure that senses and responds to blood pressure and blood electrolyte contents
-Macula densa of DCT sense electrolytes & act as chemo receptors
-Juxtamedullary cells sense BP & act as mechanoreceptors

36
Q

Tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism

A

Chemicals sensed by macula densa in JGA trigger paracrine release for smooth muscle stimulation

37
Q

Neural controls of GFR

A

-Sympathetic nervous system lead to vasoconstriction of afferent and efferent arterioles

38
Q

Where content is reabsorbed to in the kidneys

A

Efferent arteriole then into peritubular capillaries

39
Q
A

BSCI202: Anatomy & Physiology II (15 decks)

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