Blood Pressure & Pulse (LAB PRACTICAL)

Question 1

Cardiac cycle

Answer 1

Cycle of contraction & relaxation of both atria and ventricles

Question 2

Systole

Answer 2

-Contraction of atria or the ventricles
-Blood is pumped out of a chamber

Question 3

Diastole

Answer 3

-Relaxation of the atria or the ventricle
-Blood is filling a chamber

Question 4

Atrial diastole

Answer 4

-Blood delivered into atria via veins
-80% of blood flows passively into the ventricles

Question 5

Ventricular systole

Answer 5

-Begins shortly after atrial systole
-Ventricular contraction begins, pressure rises, closing the AV valves
-Ejection phase: As pressure begins to rise in ventricles, blood is pumped into the great arteries

Question 6

Atrial systole

Answer 6

Last 20% of blood left in atria delivered to the ventricles via systole

Question 7

Ventricular diastole

Answer 7

Repetition of cardiac cycle

Question 8

First heart sound

Answer 8

Lub: Closure of atrioventricular valves

Question 9

Second heart sound

Answer 9

Dub: Closure of semilunar valves

Question 10

Heart murmur

Answer 10

Abnormal heart sounds

Question 11

Pulse

Answer 11

-Surges of pressure in arteries
-Equivalent to heart rate

Question 12

Heart rate

Answer 12

Number of beats per minute

Question 13

Normal range for resting heart rate

Answer 13

60-100 BPM

Question 14

Average resting heart rate

Answer 14

70-76 bpm

Question 15

Length of average heart beat

Answer 15

0.8 seconds

Question 16

Calculating heart rate from heart beat length

Answer 16

(60 Seconds/Heart beat Duration)=HR

Question 17

Blood pressure

Answer 17

Pressure exerted against walls of arteries

Question 18

Systolic Blood Pressure

Answer 18

Pressure exerted against the walls of the arteries during ventricular systole

Question 19

Diastolic Blood Pressure

Answer 19

Pressure exerted against the arterial wall during ventricular diastole

Question 20

Tool to measure BP

Answer 20

Sphygmomanometer

Question 21

Units for BP

Answer 21

mmHg

Question 22

Normal blood pressure

Answer 22

-Systolic: Less than 120
-Diastolic: Less than 80

Question 23

Elevated blood pressure

Answer 23

-Systolic: 120-129
-Diastolic: Less than 80

Question 24

High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) Stage I

Answer 24

-Systolic: 130-139
-Diastolic: 80-89

Question 25

High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) Stage II

Answer 25

-Systolic: 140 or Higher
-Diastolic: 90 or Higher

Question 26

Hypertensive Crisis

Answer 26

-Systolic: Higher than 180
-Diastolic: Higher than 120

Question 27

How to measure systolic and diastolic BP

Answer 27

1. Place BP cuff on upper left arm
2. Place stethoscope on brachial artery
3. Inflate cuff until circulation is cut off
4. Use valve to slowly release pressure by ~2mmHg/sec
5. First sound heard = systolic pressure
6. When sound disappears = diastolic pressure

Question 28

Sounds of Korotkoff

Answer 28

Sound heard in stethoscope at the start of systole

Question 29

Total peripheral resistance (TPR)

Answer 29

Amount of force exerted on circulating blood by the vasculature

Question 30

Stroke volume

Answer 30

Amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle during one contraction

Question 31

Average stroke volume

Answer 31

70 mL

Question 32

Cardiac output

Answer 32

-Amount of blood pumped by the heart in 1 minute
-CO= SV x HR

Question 33

Formula for blood pressure

Answer 33

BP = CO x TPR

Question 34

Pulse pressure

Answer 34

-Difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
-Pulse pressure = SBP - DBP

Question 35

Mean arterial pressure

Answer 35

-Average pressure in a patients arteries during one cardiac cycle
-Represents force generated by the heart during contraction
-Considered a better indicator of perfusion to viral organs than systolic BP

Question 36

Formula for mean arterial pressure

Answer 36

MAP = DBP + (Pulse Pressure/3)