Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BSCI202: Anatomy & Physiology II > Respiratory System (LAB PRACTICAL) > Flashcards

Respiratory System (LAB PRACTICAL) Flashcards

1
Q

Upper division of respiratory system

A

Structures found in head and neck:
-External nose
-Nasal cavity
-Paranasal sinuses
-Pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Lower division of respiratory system

A

Larynx and structures below:
-Larynx
-Trachea
-Bronchi
-Lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Functions of nasal cavity

A

-Filters, warms, and moistens air
-Resonates chamber for the voice
-Smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Included structures of the nasal cavity

A

-External nares (nostrils)
-Inferior, middle, and superior conchae
-Sinuses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pharynx function

A

Connects nasal and oral cavities to larynx and esphagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Regions of the pharynx

A

-Nasopharynx: Superior and only involved in respiration
-Oropharynx: Middle portion from soft palate to epiglottis. Both respiratory & digestive function
-Laryngopharynx: Most inferior region from epiglottis to larynx. Both respiratory & digestive function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Larynx function

A

-Prevents food/fluid from entering lungs
-Permits the passage of air and produces sound
-Composed of cartilaginous and membranous structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Thyroid cartilage

A

-Hyaline
-Forms framework of larynx
-Contains laryngeal prominence/adams apple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cricoid cartilage

A

-Hyaline
-Attaches larynx to trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Arytenoid cartilage

A

-Hyaline
-Anchors the vocal folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Epiglottis

A

-Elastic cartilage
-Closes opening of the trachea when swallowing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Vocal folds

A

-True vocal cords
-Vibrate with expired air to produce sounds
-Composed of elastic fibers covered with mucous membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Glottis

A

Slit-like passageway between the folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Vestibular folds

A

-False vocal cords
-Protects vocal folds
-Located superior to vocal folds
-Composed of elastic fibers covered with mucous membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Trachea function & composition

A

-Connection of larynx to bronchi
-Lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
-Goblet cells produce mucus
-Cilia move mucus away from lungs and to the throat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Bronchi

A

-Series of branching respiratory tubes
-Trachea divides into left and right primary bronchus
-Each bronchus divides to secondary, tertiary, etc…
-Terminal bronchioles divide into respiratory bronchioles
-Respiratory bronchioles divide into alveola ducts, terminating in alveolar sacs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

C-Rings

A

-Reinforcement rings of hyaline cartilage for the trachea
-Allows expansion during swallowing
-Provide structure to maintain an open airway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Alveolar ducts

A

Divide from respiratory bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Alveolar sacs

A

Clusters of alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Alveoli

A

-Balloon-like pockets at the end of alveolar ducts
-Sites of gas exchange, which occurs by simple diffusion
-Densely covered with pulmonary capillaries
-Composed of a single layer of simple squamous epithelium overlying a basal lamina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Blood air barrier/Respiratory membrane

A

-Alveolar and capillary walls with their fused basement membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Lung lobes

A

-Long fissures that divide lungs
-Left lung: 2 lobes
-Right lung: 3 lobes

18
Q

Lungs

A

-Soft spongy organ
-Some elastic CT allowing for expansion and contraction

18
Q

Cardiac notch

A

Concavity of left lung to provide space for the heart

19
Q

Expiration

A

-Air moves out of the lungs
-Inspiratory muscles relax
-Thoracic cavity decreases in size
-Intrapulmonary volume decreases
-Intrapulmonary pressure increases
-Air flows to area of lowest pressure (Out of lungs)

20
Q

Lung pleura

A

-Double layed serous membranes surrounding each lung
-Parietal pleura: Outer layer attaches to thoracic wall or diaphragm
-Visceral pleura: inner layer, covering the external surface of lungs

20
Q

Tidal volume (TV)

A

Amount of air inhaled or exhaled with each breath under resting conditions

21
Q

Inspiration

A

-Air moves into the lungs
-Inspiratory muscles contract
-Intrapulmonary volume increases
-Intrapulmonary pressure decreases
-Air flows to area of lowest pressure

22
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

A

Amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal tidal volume inspiration

23
Q

Residual volume (RV)

A

Amount of air remaining in the lungs after forced expiration

23
Q

Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

A

Amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume expiration

24
Q

Vital Capacity (VC)

A

-Maximum amount of air that can be expired after a maximum inspiratory effort
-VC=TV+IRV+ERV

25
Q

Total lung capacity (TLC)

A

-Maximum amount of air contained in lungs after a maximum inspiratory effort
-TLC = TV+IRV+ERV+RV

26
Q

Inspiratory capacity (IC)

A

-Maximum amount of air that can be inspired after a normal tidal volume expiration
-IC = TV +IRV

27
Q

Functional residual capacity

A

-Volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal tidal volume expiration
-FRC = ERV + RV

28
Q

How to use a spirometer

A

-Breath in outside of spirometer
-Exhale into the mouthpiece of the spirometer
-Spirometer records the volume of air expired

29
Q

Bronchial sounds

A

Produced by air rushing through the large respiratory passageways (Trachea & Bronchi)

30
Q

Vesicular breathing sounds

A

-Result from air filing the alveolar sacs
-Sounds like rustling leaves

31
Q

Rasping sound with stethoscope

A

Rales

32
Q

Whistling sound with stethescope

A

Wheezing

33
Q

Obstructive respiratory diseases

A

-Increased resistance in the airways
-Normal vital capacity but decreased rate of air flow due to bronchocontriction
-Ex. Asthma & Chronic bronchitis

34
Q

Restrictive respiratory diseases

A

-Decline in lung capacity
-Decreased vital capacity
-Ex. Polio & Tuberculosis

35
Q

Forced vital capacity

A

-Volume of air expelled when subject takes deepest possible breath and then exhales forcefully and rapidly
-Reduced in restrictive pulmonary disease

36
Q

Forced expiratory volume

A

-Similar testing procedure to FCV
-Looks at percentage of the vital capacity that is exhaled during specific time intervals
-Healthy individuals can expire 75-85% of FVC in the first second
-Will be reduced in obstructive pulmonary disease`

37
Q

Rate of respiration control

A

-Neural centers in the medulla and the pons control rhythm & rate

38
Q

Normal rate of respiration

A

-12-18 breathes/minute
-Modified by physical phenomena
-Influenced by chemical factors such as O2/CO2 conc. in blood & pH

39
Q

Arterial blood pH

A

7.4 ±0.02

40
Q

Carbonic acid/Bicarbonate buffer system

A
  1. CO2 diffuses into blood from tissues
  2. In RBC’s CO2 combines with H2O to form H2CO3/Carbonic acid (Facilitated by carbonic anhydrase)
  3. H2CO3 breakds down into HCO3/Bicarbonate & H+
  4. H+ are neutralized by attaching to hemoglobin
  5. HCO3 moves into plasma (Down its gradient)
41
Q

Chloride shift

A

To balance negative charge of HCO3 leaving the erythrocytes CL- is drawn from plasma into erythrocytes

42
Q

Buffer system if pH decrease/Increase in H+

A

-H+ combines with HCO3 to form H2CO3
-Removes free H+ to buffer decreases in pH

43
Q

Buffer system if pH increases/Decrease in H+

A

H2CO3 dissociates into H+ and HCO3- releasing H+ ionto the blood to buffer against an increasing pH

44
Q

Hyperventilation impact

A

-Decreased carbonic acid production in RBC’s
-Less H+ produced by dissociation
-Respiratory alkalosis (Higher than normal pH)

45
Q

Hypoventilation

A

-Co2 not properly removed from body
-Increased carbonic acid production
-More H+ produced by dissociation
-Results in respiratory acidosis (Lower pH than normal)

46
Q

What can impact respiration rate

A

-Physical phenomena: Talking, yawning, coughing, exercise
-Chemical factors: O2/CO2 concentrations and pH fluctuations

BSCI202: Anatomy & Physiology II (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions