Blood Vessels (LAB PRACTICAL) Flashcards
Tunica Intima/Intern
-Innermost layer of vessels
-Thin layer of endothelium with CT basement membrane
Tunica Media
-Circularly arranged smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue
-Allows for changes in lumen diameter via vasodilation and vasoconstriction
Tunica Adventitia/Externa
-Most superficial layer of blood vessels
-Protects and anchors vessels
-Made of areolar or fibrous CT
-Collagenous
Elastic arteries
-Arteries closest to the heart
-Large “Conducting” vessels
-Most expandable
Arteries
-Vessels that transport blood away from the heart
-Expands during systole, recoils passively during diastole
Muscular arteries
-Medium sized vessels
-Distributing vessels
Arterioles
Smallest “Resistance” vessels
Capillaries
-Vessels that provide for exchange of materials in tissues
-Endothelial (One cell wall) layers
Veins
-Vessels that transport blood towards the heart
-Low pressure due to thin walls and large lumens
Adaptations for venous return to right atrium
-Valves: Formed by folds of tunica intima to prevent backflow
-Skeletal muscle pump
-Respiratory pump
Respiratory pump
During inspiration a decrease in intra-thoracic pressure and increase in intra-abdominal pressure causes blood to flow from veins in the abdominal region to veins in the thoracic region
Four regions of the aorta
-Ascending aorta: Leaves left ventricle
-Aortic arch: Leftwards are after ascending aorta
-Thoracic aorta: Travels downward through thorax
-Abdominal Aorta: Passes through diaphragm into abdominopelvic cavity
Arterial branches of ascending aorta
Right and left coronary artery to serve the heart
Arterial branches of the aortic arch
-Brachiocephalic trunk: Splits to right common carotid artery and right subclavian
-Left common carotid artery: Splits into left internal and external carotid artery
-Left subclavian artery: Branches into left vertebral artery and left subclavian that serves arm
Three branches of celiac trunk and what they serve
-Left gastric artery: Serves the stomach
-Splenic artery: Serves the spleen
-Common hepatic artery: Serves the liver
4 arterial branches of the descending thoracic aorta and what they supply
-Intercostal artery: Supply the muscles of the thorax wall
-Bronchial arteries: Supplies the lungs
-Esophageal arteries: Serve the esophagus
-Phrenic arteries: Serve the diaphragm
Celiac branch
First branch from abdominal aorta
Superior mesenteric artery
Supplies most of the small intestine and first half of large intestine
Left & Right renal arteries
Serves the kidneys
Left & Right gonadal arteries
-Serve the gonads
-Ovarian in females
-Testicular in males
Lumbar arteries
Serve muscles of the abdomen and trunk
Inferior mesenteric artery
Supplies the second half of the large intestine
Left and right common iliac arteries
Final branches of the aorta
Internal iliac arteries
Serve the pelvic organs
External iliac arteries
Enters the thigh, then femoral artery, then popliteal artery, and anterior posterior tibial arteries
Coronary circulation components
-Coronary arteries branch from the ascending aorta to supply the heart muscles with oxygenated blood
-Cardiac veins drain the myocardium of blood
-Coronary sinus receives blood from cardiac vein and empties into right atrium
Interaterial anastosomes function
Assure continued blood supply despite partial occlusions of individual arteries
Source of blood supply for lungs
Bronchial arteries (NOT THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION)
Hepatic portal system
-Hepatic portal vein carries blood to the liver
-Liver maintain proper glucose, fat, and protein concentrations in the body and filters bodily toxins
-Blood drains into the hepatic vein leaving the liver
Cerebral Arterial Circle (Circle of Willis)
-Internal carotid arteries divide into anterior and middle cerebral arteries to supply most of cerebrum
-Vertebral arteries join once within the skull to form basilar artery to serve brain stem & cerebellum
-Posterior cerebral arteries form division of the basilar artery that supply blood to posterior cerebrum
-Small communicating arterial branches unite posterior and anterior blood supply
Vena cava
Drain blood from veins to enter the right atrium
-Superior: Drains blood from head and arms
-Inferior: Drains blood from lower body
Cephalic vein
Drains the lateral aspect of the arm and empties into the axillary vein
Basilic and cephalic vein jointing
Jointed at the median cubital vein
Vertebral vein
Drains posterior part of the head
Basilic vein
Drains the medial aspect of the arm and empties into brachial vein
Blood drained by subclavian vein
-Blood from axillary vein
-Blood from skin and muscles of the head and neck via external jugular vein
Azygous vein
Drains thorax
Internal jugular vein
Drains the dural sinuses of the brain
Left and right brachiocephalic veins receive blood from…
-Subclavian vein
-Vertebral vein
-Internal jugular veins
What forms superior vena cava
Joining of brachiocephalic veins
Veins that drain legs
Anterior and posterior tibial vein & fibial veins
Route of draining posterior tibial vein
-Posterior tibial vein
-Popliteal vein
-Femoral vein
-External iliac vein
Great saphenous vein
-Longest vein of the body
-Receives superficial drainage of the legs
Common iliac vein
Vein formed by the union of the internal and external iliac vein on its own side
Right gonadal vein
(What it empties and where it empties to)
-Drains ovary in females and testicles in males
-Empties into the renal vein of its own side
Renal veins
Drain the kidneys
Hepatic portal vein
Drains the digestive organs and travels through the liver before it enters systemic circulation
Hepatic veins
Drain the liver
Umbilical cord vessels
-Umbilical vein: Carries blood rich and nutrients to the fetus
-2 umbilical arteries: Carry CO2 and debris-laden blood from fetus to placenta
Bypassing of liver in fetal circulation
Blood passes through ductus venosus and enters inferior vena cava
Bypassing of lungs in fetal circulation
-Blood entering right atrium is shunted to left atrium via foramen ovale
-Ductus arteriorsus connects aorta and pulmonary trunk which eventually becomes the ligamentum arteriosum at birth
