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BSCI202: Anatomy & Physiology II > Blood Vessels (LAB PRACTICAL) > Flashcards

Blood Vessels (LAB PRACTICAL) Flashcards

1
Q

Tunica Intima/Intern

A

-Innermost layer of vessels
-Thin layer of endothelium with CT basement membrane

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2
Q

Tunica Media

A

-Circularly arranged smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue
-Allows for changes in lumen diameter via vasodilation and vasoconstriction

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3
Q

Tunica Adventitia/Externa

A

-Most superficial layer of blood vessels
-Protects and anchors vessels
-Made of areolar or fibrous CT
-Collagenous

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4
Q

Elastic arteries

A

-Arteries closest to the heart
-Large “Conducting” vessels
-Most expandable

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5
Q

Arteries

A

-Vessels that transport blood away from the heart
-Expands during systole, recoils passively during diastole

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6
Q

Muscular arteries

A

-Medium sized vessels
-Distributing vessels

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7
Q

Arterioles

A

Smallest “Resistance” vessels

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8
Q

Capillaries

A

-Vessels that provide for exchange of materials in tissues
-Endothelial (One cell wall) layers

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9
Q

Veins

A

-Vessels that transport blood towards the heart
-Low pressure due to thin walls and large lumens

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10
Q

Adaptations for venous return to right atrium

A

-Valves: Formed by folds of tunica intima to prevent backflow
-Skeletal muscle pump
-Respiratory pump

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10
Q

Respiratory pump

A

During inspiration a decrease in intra-thoracic pressure and increase in intra-abdominal pressure causes blood to flow from veins in the abdominal region to veins in the thoracic region

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11
Q

Four regions of the aorta

A

-Ascending aorta: Leaves left ventricle
-Aortic arch: Leftwards are after ascending aorta
-Thoracic aorta: Travels downward through thorax
-Abdominal Aorta: Passes through diaphragm into abdominopelvic cavity

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12
Q

Arterial branches of ascending aorta

A

Right and left coronary artery to serve the heart

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13
Q

Arterial branches of the aortic arch

A

-Brachiocephalic trunk: Splits to right common carotid artery and right subclavian
-Left common carotid artery: Splits into left internal and external carotid artery
-Left subclavian artery: Branches into left vertebral artery and left subclavian that serves arm

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14
Q

Three branches of celiac trunk and what they serve

A

-Left gastric artery: Serves the stomach
-Splenic artery: Serves the spleen
-Common hepatic artery: Serves the liver

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14
Q

4 arterial branches of the descending thoracic aorta and what they supply

A

-Intercostal artery: Supply the muscles of the thorax wall
-Bronchial arteries: Supplies the lungs
-Esophageal arteries: Serve the esophagus
-Phrenic arteries: Serve the diaphragm

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15
Q

Celiac branch

A

First branch from abdominal aorta

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16
Q

Superior mesenteric artery

A

Supplies most of the small intestine and first half of large intestine

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17
Q

Left & Right renal arteries

A

Serves the kidneys

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18
Q

Left & Right gonadal arteries

A

-Serve the gonads
-Ovarian in females
-Testicular in males

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19
Q

Lumbar arteries

A

Serve muscles of the abdomen and trunk

20
Q

Inferior mesenteric artery

A

Supplies the second half of the large intestine

21
Q

Left and right common iliac arteries

A

Final branches of the aorta

22
Q

Internal iliac arteries

A

Serve the pelvic organs

23
Q

External iliac arteries

A

Enters the thigh, then femoral artery, then popliteal artery, and anterior posterior tibial arteries

24
Q

Coronary circulation components

A

-Coronary arteries branch from the ascending aorta to supply the heart muscles with oxygenated blood
-Cardiac veins drain the myocardium of blood
-Coronary sinus receives blood from cardiac vein and empties into right atrium

25
Q

Interaterial anastosomes function

A

Assure continued blood supply despite partial occlusions of individual arteries

26
Q

Source of blood supply for lungs

A

Bronchial arteries (NOT THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION)

27
Q

Hepatic portal system

A

-Hepatic portal vein carries blood to the liver
-Liver maintain proper glucose, fat, and protein concentrations in the body and filters bodily toxins
-Blood drains into the hepatic vein leaving the liver

28
Q

Cerebral Arterial Circle (Circle of Willis)

A

-Internal carotid arteries divide into anterior and middle cerebral arteries to supply most of cerebrum
-Vertebral arteries join once within the skull to form basilar artery to serve brain stem & cerebellum
-Posterior cerebral arteries form division of the basilar artery that supply blood to posterior cerebrum
-Small communicating arterial branches unite posterior and anterior blood supply

29
Q

Vena cava

A

Drain blood from veins to enter the right atrium
-Superior: Drains blood from head and arms
-Inferior: Drains blood from lower body

30
Q

Cephalic vein

A

Drains the lateral aspect of the arm and empties into the axillary vein

31
Q

Basilic and cephalic vein jointing

A

Jointed at the median cubital vein

31
Q

Vertebral vein

A

Drains posterior part of the head

31
Q

Basilic vein

A

Drains the medial aspect of the arm and empties into brachial vein

32
Q

Blood drained by subclavian vein

A

-Blood from axillary vein
-Blood from skin and muscles of the head and neck via external jugular vein

33
Q

Azygous vein

A

Drains thorax

33
Q

Internal jugular vein

A

Drains the dural sinuses of the brain

34
Q

Left and right brachiocephalic veins receive blood from…

A

-Subclavian vein
-Vertebral vein
-Internal jugular veins

35
Q

What forms superior vena cava

A

Joining of brachiocephalic veins

36
Q

Veins that drain legs

A

Anterior and posterior tibial vein & fibial veins

37
Q

Route of draining posterior tibial vein

A

-Posterior tibial vein
-Popliteal vein
-Femoral vein
-External iliac vein

38
Q

Great saphenous vein

A

-Longest vein of the body
-Receives superficial drainage of the legs

39
Q

Common iliac vein

A

Vein formed by the union of the internal and external iliac vein on its own side

40
Q

Right gonadal vein
(What it empties and where it empties to)

A

-Drains ovary in females and testicles in males
-Empties into the renal vein of its own side

41
Q

Renal veins

A

Drain the kidneys

42
Q

Hepatic portal vein

A

Drains the digestive organs and travels through the liver before it enters systemic circulation

43
Q

Hepatic veins

A

Drain the liver

44
Q

Umbilical cord vessels

A

-Umbilical vein: Carries blood rich and nutrients to the fetus
-2 umbilical arteries: Carry CO2 and debris-laden blood from fetus to placenta

45
Q

Bypassing of liver in fetal circulation

A

Blood passes through ductus venosus and enters inferior vena cava

46
Q

Bypassing of lungs in fetal circulation

A

-Blood entering right atrium is shunted to left atrium via foramen ovale
-Ductus arteriorsus connects aorta and pulmonary trunk which eventually becomes the ligamentum arteriosum at birth

BSCI202: Anatomy & Physiology II (12 decks)

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