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From Flashcardlet > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

This flashcard deck was created using Flashcardlet's card creator

0
Q

what are the urinary organs?

A

kidneys, paired ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

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1
Q

Name 5 functions of the urinary system

A

rids body of N wastes
regulates water balance, electrolytes, and acid/base
produces renin-regulates BP
produces erythropoietin- stimulates RBC production
converts vitamin D to active form

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2
Q

location of the kidneys

A

against dorsal body wall , beneath the parietal peritoneum, in the superior lumbar region

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3
Q

dimensions of a kidney

A

12 cm long, 6 cm wide, 3 cm thick

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4
Q

the medial indentation of the kidney

A

hilus/hilum

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5
Q

sits a top kidney

A

adrenal gland

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6
Q

fibrous membrane that encloses each kidney

A

renal capsule

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7
Q

fatty mass that surrounds each kidney and holds it in place

A

adipose capsule

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8
Q

outer region of inside of kidney

A

renal cortex

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9
Q

deeper region of inside of kdney

A

renal medulla

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10
Q

triangular regions of kidney

A

medullary/renal pyramid

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11
Q

points to inner region of kidney

A

apex of each pyramid

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12
Q

cortex like tissue that separates pyramids

A

renal columns

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13
Q

medial to hilus and continuous w ureter

A

renal pelvis

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14
Q

extensions of pelvis, form cup shaped areas that enclose tips of pyramids

A

calyces

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15
Q

how much blood passes through kidneys each minute

A

quarter of the bodys supply

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16
Q

trace blood supply through the kidney

A

renal artery divides into segmental arteries, inside pelvis, break up into lobar arteries,
interlobar arteries pass through cortex
arcuate arteries split off at the junction fo the medulla and cortex, and curve over medullary pyramids
interlobular/cortical radiate arteries branch off and supply cortex to nephron to
interlobular veins to arcuate veins to interlobar veins to renal vein

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17
Q

functional unit of kidney (millions); forms urine product

A

nephron

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18
Q

2 main structures of the nephron

A

glomerulus, renal tube

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19
Q

glomerulus is a

A

knot of capillaries

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20
Q

its end is enlarged and surrounds glomerulus

A

renal tube

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21
Q

end of renal tube

A

glomerular/Bowman’s capsule

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22
Q

inner layer of capsule, have long processes, forms a porous membrane around glomerulus

A

podocytes

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23
Q

___________twists around then forms hair pin loop, then coils again before entering collecting duct

A

tubule

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24
Q

near glomerular capsule

A

proximal convoluted tubule

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25
Q

also called Loop of Henle

A

nephron loop

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26
Q

inner surface of tubule in _________ is covered with dense microvilli to increase surface area

A

proximal convoluted tubule

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27
Q

most nephrons are

A

cortical nephrons

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28
Q

close to cortex-medulla junction, w loop deep in medulla

A

juxtamedullary nephrons

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29
Q

run through medullary pyramids to calyces and renal pelvis

A

collecting ducts

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30
Q

two capillary beds w each nephron

A

glomerulus, peritubular

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31
Q

supplies glomerulus, lumen are large

A

afferent arteriole

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32
Q

receives from glomerulus, lumen are smaller

A

efferent arteroile

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33
Q

what does the high blood pressure in the glomerulus do ?

A

forces fluid and solutes out of blood into glomerular capsule

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34
Q

99% of filtrate is recaptured by renal tubule cells and returned to blood via

A

peritubular capillary bed

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35
Q

3 things about peritubular capillary beds

A

arise from efferent arteriole
low pressure and porous vessels, adapted for absorption
drain into interlobular veins

36
Q

urine formation is from

A

filtration, reabsorption, and secretion

37
Q

________ acts as a filter, nonselective passive process->

A

glomerulus, blood plasma wo proteins

38
Q

If BP is too low in glomerulus, what will not fom?

A

filtrate

39
Q

tubular reabsorption begins in

A

proximal convoluted tubule

40
Q

tubbule cells take up substances from filtrate for absoption by

A

peritubular capillary bedd

41
Q

tubular reabsorption is an active transport=

A

very selective specific carriers for recovered substances

42
Q

no reabsorption for

A

N based waste products

43
Q

maintains pH and electrolyte composition of blood

A

tubular reabsorption

44
Q

most reabsorption occurs in

A

Proximal convoluted tubule, some in distal convoluted tubule

45
Q

reabsorption in reverse-hyddrogen, K, and creatine move through tubule cells into filtrate for elimination

A

tubular secretion

46
Q

blood composition depends on

A

diet, metabolism, and urine output

47
Q

how much plasma is filtered every 24 hours and how much urine produced?

A

150 to 180 L, and 1 to 1.8 L

48
Q

are recovered from filtrate before it reaches collecting ducts and becomes urine

A

nutrients, ions and water

49
Q

excrete N wastes, maintain water balence, electrolyte balance and proper blood pH

A

kidneys

50
Q

name 3 N wastes in the blood

A

urea, uric acid, creatinine

51
Q

is formed by liver from protein break down

A

urea

52
Q

is from metabolism of amino acids

A

uric acid

53
Q

from creatine metabolism by muscle cells

A

creatinine

54
Q

Nwastes are or are not reabsorbed from filtrate

A

NOT

55
Q

creatine is

A

actively excreted

56
Q

females are what percent water? males?

A

52, 63

57
Q

waht fraction is intracellular and extracellular fluid

A

2/3 intracellular, 1/3 extracellular

58
Q

name 6 body fluids

A

blood plasma, interstitial fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, serous fluid, eye humors, lymph

59
Q

lack of what ions in extracellular fluid results in loss of water to tissues=> edema and muscle weakness

A

Na

60
Q

what % of water intake is from metabolism?

A

10%

61
Q

most water intake is from

A

food and drink

62
Q

where is water lost?

A

lungs, perspiration, and stool

63
Q

balance intake/loss of water

A

kidneys

64
Q

a major factor regulating electolytes

A

kidneys

65
Q

water/electolyte absorption is regulated by

A

hormones

66
Q

blood loss reduces volume of kidney filtrate due to

A

decreased blood pressure

67
Q

reduced BP causes pituitary gland to release

A

antidiuretic hormone, causes duct cells to reabsorb water

68
Q

regulates content of sodium, chlorine, K, and Magnesium ions in extracelluar fluid

A

aldosterone

69
Q

80% of Na is reabsorbed in the

A

proximal convoluted tubule

70
Q

causes NaCl to be reabsorbed in the distal convoluted tubule

A

aldosterone

71
Q

__ is exchanged for __
as __ concentration in blood rises, __ concentration decreases
as __ is reclaimed, water is also

A

Na, K
Na, K
Na

72
Q

is most important trigger for release of aldosterone

A

renin-angiotensin mechanism

73
Q

kidneys are most important mechanism for regulating blood pH by

A

excreting bicarbonate ions, or conserving bicarbonate ions

74
Q

losing HCO3- =

gaining HCO3- =

A

gaining H+

losing H+

75
Q

urine pH ranges from

A

4.5-8

76
Q

slender tubes that run from hilus of kidneys to bladder, carries urine from kidneys to urinary bladder

A

ureters

77
Q

urine is propelled by

A

smooth muscle

78
Q

superior end of ureter is continuous

A

w kidney

79
Q

mucosa lining of ureter is continuous w

A

renal pelvis and urinary bladder

80
Q

what prevents urine from re-entering ureteres?

A

valve like folds in bladder mucosa

81
Q

4 things about urinary bladder

A

smooth collapsible muscular sac
stores urine temporarily
just posterior to pubic symphysis
2 openings for ureters and one for urethra

82
Q

male gland surrounds neck of bladder at urethra

A

prostate

83
Q

how many layers of smooth muscle is the bladder wall?

A

3

84
Q

the detrusor muscle mucosa or inner layer of bladder wall is made of

A

transitional epithelium

85
Q

the urethra moves urine by

A

peristalsis

86
Q

at bladder-urethra junction, involuntary, keeps bladder closed

A

internal urethral sphincter

87
Q

skeletal muscle, as urethra passes through pelvic floor, voluntary

A

external urethral sphincter

From Flashcardlet (64 decks)

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