Urinary System

Question 1

Renal cysts

Answer 1

Thin walled fluid filled structures
Mostly in renal tubules

Question 2

Which diseases are congenital forms of renal cysts seen?

Answer 2

Polycystic disease or renal dysplasia

Question 3

Autosomal polycystic kidney disease (PKD)

Answer 3

Autosomal dominant, progressive
Multiple fluid filled cysts in kidney, liver and pancreas

Question 4

Breeds affected by PKD

Answer 4

Felines: Persians* and Himalayans
Canines: bull terriers

Question 5

Causes of PKD

Answer 5

Combination of one or more gene mutations
Polycystin-1 and polycystin-2 mutations
Loss of polycytsin-1 from its basolateral location

Question 6

Glomerulus disease

Answer 6

Immune complex glomeruonephritis and amyloides
Sequela of systemic immune mediated, infectious or neoplastic disease

Question 7

Renal amyloidosis

Answer 7

Produced after proteolysis of amyloidgenic proteins
Types: amyloid-light chain (plasma cell myeloma) and reactive (chronic inflamm. or neoplastic disease)

Question 8

CS of renal amyloidiosis

Answer 8

Renal insufficiency, proteinuria
First glomerular then tubular

Question 9

Hereditary predisposition of renal amyloidosis

Answer 9

Abyssinians and Chinese Shar-Pei

Question 10

Gross staining to renal amyloidosis

Answer 10

With Lugol’s Stain: red brown stain of glomeruli
Added diluted sulfuric acid: purple

Question 11

Embolic Glomerulitis

Answer 11

Bacterial or suppurative glomerunephritis
Secondary to bacteremia

Question 12

What can cause embolic glomerulitis

Answer 12

Neonatal Septicemia- Actinobacillus equuli (Equine)
White Spotted kidney - E. coli (bovine)

Question 13

Neonatal septicemia

Answer 13

Shigellosis or Nave ill of foals
Starts as an umbilical infection

Question 14

Lesions associated with neonatal septicemia

Answer 14

Bacteria shower from umbilicus entrapped in glomeruli
Neutros= small pockets of pus
Microabscesses in kidney and lungs

Question 15

Actinobacillus equuli Infection of foals

Answer 15

Joints: fibrinopurulent polyarthritis and polysynovitis
Multifocal microabscesses in the interstitium in association with small vessels

Question 16

Viral glomerulitis

Answer 16

Acute condition that replicated in capillary endothelium
Lesions: pinpoitnt red dots (glomeruli visible), swollen kidney

Question 17

Which diseases are associated with viral glomerulitis?

Answer 17

K9 herpesvirus
K9 adenovirus
Hog cholera virus
all produce turkey egg kidneys

Question 18

Canine herpesvirus

Answer 18

Fading Puppy Syndrome (young puppies)
Focal necrosis and hemorrhage
Turkey egg kidneys

Question 19

Hemoglobinuria

Answer 19

Due to Hb secondary to intravascular hemolysis

Question 20

Which diseases cause hemoglobinuria

Answer 20

Chronic copper toxicity in sheep
Leptospirosis or babesiosis in cattle
Red maple toxicity in horses
Babesiosis or autoimmune hemolytic anemia in dogs

Question 21

Myoglobinuria

Answer 21

Seen with acute rhabdomyolysis
From direct trauma or over excessive exercise (Monday morning disease)

Question 22

Diseases causing myoglobinuria

Answer 22

Equine exertional rhabdomyolysis
Capture myopathy of exotic or wild animals rhabdomyolysis

Question 23

_____________ causes tubular damage (accumulates in proximal tubular epithelial cells)

Answer 23

Aminoglycosides (neomycin)

Question 24

Ethylene glycol (anti-freeze)

Answer 24

Leads to formation of calcium oxalate crystals
CNS then acute renal failure
Causes tubular necrosis by direct contact