Oral Pathology Flashcards
Cheiloschisis (harelip/ primary cleft palate)
Anomalies of the upper lip and premaxilla
Incomplete fusion of the frontonasal process with maxillary processes
Secondary problem subsequent to cheiloschisis
Inability to nourish/ latch onto mothers nipple → hand feeding
Palatoschisis (secondary cleft palate)
Failure of the frontonasal process and lateral palatine shelves from the maxillary processes
CS of palatoschisis
Difficulty suckling
Nasal regurgitation and aspiration pneumonia (food in nasal cavity)
Middle ear dysfunction
Brachygnathia superior/ mandibular prognathia
Shortness of maxillae
Interferes with prehension and mastication
Malposition of incisor and cheek teeth
Brachygnathia inferior
Shortness of mandible
Breed characteristics of long nose dogs
______________ is a common name for Brachygnathia inferior in horses
Parrot mouth
Stomatitis
Inflammation of the mouth (general term)
Cheilitis
Inflammation of the lips
Glossitis
Inflammation of the tongue
Gingivitis
Inflammation of the gums
Pharyngitis
Inflammation of the pharynx
Tonsillitis
Inflammation of the tonsils
Sialoadenitis
Inflammation of the salivary glands
Vesicular stomatitides
Vesicle formation in the mouth
Rule out autoimmune diseases in dogs and cats, calicivirus infection in cats and major viral diseases in large animals
Vesicle
Fluid filled raised lesion 1 cm or less across
Bulla
Fluid filled raised lesion greater than 1 cm
Pathogenesis of vesicular stomatitides
Epithelial damage (viral) → intracellular edema (ballooning degeneration) → cell lysis → vesicle/ bulla → rupture → erosions/ ulcers → cellular infiltration → scab/ granulation tissue
Pemphigus
Mechanism for blister formation
Caused by IgG autoantibodies against desmogleins
Abs disrupt the adhesive function of the desmosomes and activate intercellular proteases
Foot and mouth disease
Picornavirus
Positive in ruminants and pigs
Vesicular stomatitis
Rhabdovirus
Positive in ruminants*, pigs and horses
Vesicular exanthema of swine
Calicivirus (vesivirus)
Positive in pigs
Swine vesicular disease
Enterovirus
Positive in pigs
Erosion
Discontinuity of a body surface due to partial loss of surface epithelium
Ulcer
Full-thickness epithelial loss revealing the underlying BM/ CT
Pathogenesis of erosive and ulcerative stomatitides
Epithelial necrosis and inflammation without vesiculation
In squamous epithelium of mouth (may extend to esophagus and forestomachs)
Diseases associated with erosive and ulcerative stomatitides (MRPIBBUF)
Malignant Catarrhal Fever (herpes)
Rinderpest (morbillivirus)
Peste des petits ruminants (morbillivirus)
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (herpes)
Bluetongue (mosquitos/ orbivirus)
Bovine Viral Diarrhea (pestivirus)
Foot & Mouth disease, feline calicivirus and felid herpresvirus 1
Uremia, foreign bodies, feline eosinophilic granuloma complex, NSAIDs, vitamin C
Eosinophilic Stomatitides
Oral eosinophilic granuloma/ ulcer
Cats, rarely young dogs (husky)
Effects of Eosinophilic Stomatitides
Upper lip, gums, palate, tongue, pharynx
Many eosinophils, flame figures, chronic inflamm cells
Immune-mediated
Lymphoplasmacytic stomatitis
Idiopathic, immune mediated in cats
Bacteria or calicivirus (FCV) in FIV/ FeLV infected cats
Chronic ulcerative paradental stomatitis (CUPS)
Ulcerative stomatitis and lymphocytic-plasmacytic stomatitis
Assoc. with dental plaque
Older dogs (leading to kissing lesions)
Characteristics of oral growths
Common in dogs and cats
Discrete mas, ulcerated, dysphagia, ptyalism, halitosis, facial swelling
Gingival hyperplasia
Simple overgrowth of gum tissue (benign)
Common in adult brachycephalic dogs
Diff: squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, epulis
Epulis
Gingival growth (benign)
Neoplasia of the periodontal ligament
One form of epulis, _____________, is considered locally invasive
Acanthomatous ameloblastoma
invades bone, destructive
Papilloma
Papovavirus-induced benign tumor
Young dogs, calves and foals
May regress spontaneously
Bovine Papillomavirus
Infects traumatized mucosal epithelial cells and induces epithelial cell proliferation
Squamous cell carcinoma
Most common oral tumor in cats
Locally invasive nodular mass, ulcerated
Poor prognosis in cats or if tonsillar in dogs
Malignant Melanoma
Most common malignant oral tumor in dogs
Risk factors: small breeds, oral pigmentation
Poor prognosis
Pseudoanodontia
Failure to erupt (lhasa apso and shih tzu dog)
Polydontia
Excessive teeth (brachycephalic dog’s incisors)
Pseudopolydontia
Retention of deciduous teeth after eruption of permanent dentition
Heterotopic polydontia
Extra tooth or teeth outside the dental arcades (ear tooth of horse)- guttural pouch
Enamel hypoplasia
Amelogenesis imperfecta
Caused by tetracyclines and viral infections (distemper and bovine viral diarrhea disease)
Tetracyclines (in utero) causing enamel hypoplasia
High dose treatment of pregnant dams
Yellow to brown discoloration of teeth
Bright yellow fluorescence
Toxic to ameloblasts
Dental attrition
Age associated dental wear
Loss of tooth structure caused by mastication
Improper mastication of feedstuffs and malnutrition
Lesions caused by dental attrition
“step mouth” or “broken mouth”
Dental infection and fracture
What causes sialoadenitis?
Trauma/ hematogenous or excretory duct
Rabies, K9 distemper
lymphocytes surrounding glands
Ptyalism
↑ secretion of saliva
Pseudorabies caused by herpesvirus (trans from pigs to dogs)
Salivary foreign bodies
Caused by plant awns/ fiber
Inflammation or infection of the parotid duct
Salivary caliculi (sialoliths, horses, obstruction)
Salivary Mucocele/ Siaocele
An accumulation of salivary secretion
Single or multiloculated cavities
Not lined by secretory epithelium (psuedocyst)
In soft tissues of the mouth or neck
Trauma to the duct
Ranula
Sublingual Sialocele
Smooth, rounded, fluctuant cystic distension of the duct in the floor of the mouth
Filled with serous fluid/ thick mucous
What causes ranula?
Congenital atresia
Foreign boidies
Calculi
Strictures caused by inflammation
CS of ranula
Salivary duct dilation
Stagnation of flow/ obstruction
Neoplasms of the salivary glands
Rare in all species
Parotid and mandibular common
Malignant and epithelial origin (adenocarcinoma)
