Integument 1 Flashcards
Hair follicle growth stages
Anagen: mitotic, growth
Catagen: cell-proliferation
Telogen: resting
Exogen: old hair shed
Epidermal response to injury
Hyperplasia
Hyperkeratosis
Edema
Acantholysis
Inflammation
Dermal responses to injury
Pigmentary incontinence
Edema
Inflammation
Acanthosis (epidermal hyperplasia)
↑ # of cells in the epidermis (S. spinosum)
Rete ridge formation
Hyperkeratosis
↑ thickness of S. corneum
Digital pads and planum nasale
Orthokeratosis or Parakeratosis
Orthokeratosis (hyperkeratosis)
Squamous epithelium anuclear
Parakeratosis (hyperkeratosis)
Squamous epithelium have nuclei
Zinc responsive dermatosis and hepatocutaneous syndrome
Epidermal/ intercellular edema
Spongiosis
Widening of the intercellular spaces with more prominent intercellular bridges
Epidermal/ intracellular edema cell effects
↑ size, cytoplasmic pallor, displacement of the nucleus to the periphery
Severe= Intraepidermal vesicles
Acantholysis
Separation of the keratinocytes due to damage to the desmosomes (intercellular bridges)
Loss of cohesion between epidermal cells → clefts, vesicles, bullae
Free epidermal cells in the vesicles are called …
Acantholytic cells or acanthocytes
Microvesicles, vesicles, and bullae
Mico and macroscopic fluid- filled, acellular spaces within or below the dermis (lined by epith. cells)
Blisters
Subcorneal vesicle
S. corneum forms the roof of the vesicle
Impetigo or pemphigus foliaceous
Suprabasal vesicle
S. spinosum forms the roof
Pemphigus vulgaris
Supraepidermal vesicle
Entire epidermis separates from the dermis and forms the roof
Bullous pemphigoid or thermal burns
Hyperpigmentation (lentigo)
Hypermelanosis= ↑ in the number of melanocytes confined to epidermis
Focal, diffuse, confined to S. basale or throughout epidermal layers
Where is lentigo found?
Non-dx finding in chronic inflamm. and hormonal dermatoses
Developmental neoplastic disorders
Hypopigmentation
Hypomelanosis
↓ amounts of melanin in the epidermis
Copper deficiency
Pustule (microabscess)
Accumulation of inflamm. In the epidermis
Bacteria: generate neutros and coccoid bacteria (subcorneal)
Ectoparasite: eosins
Pigmentary Incontinence
Loss of melatonin from the basal layer due to damage and accumulation of macros in the superficial dermis
Nonspecific
Another name for Pigmentary incontinence
Lupus erythematosus or vitiligo
Gross characteristics of dermal edema
Gelatinous
Shiny
Microscopic characteristics of dermal edema
Dilated lymphatics
Widened spaces between BVs and perivascular or dermal collagen
Congenital disorders
Develop in fetus, present @ birth
Hereditary disorders
Transmitted genetically, may not be present @ birth or utero but develop later
Leukotrichia
Decreased pigmentation of the hair
Leukoderma
Decreased pigmentation of the skin
Congenital alopecia
Atrichia- absence of hair from the skin that’s usually haired
Sphinx cat
Hypotrichosis
Less than normal amount of hair
Sphinx cat
Collagen dysplasia
Dermatosparaxis, cutaneous asthenia
Abnormal synthesis of processing of collagen —> collagen with ↓ tensile strength
CS of collagen dysplasia
Skin tears easily
Hyperextensible
Loose skin
Histo lesions of collagen dysplasia
Collagen bundles vary in size and shape
Separated by wide spaces
Haphazard arrangement
Epitheliogenesis imperfecta
Aplasia cutis
Failure of stratified squamous epithelium of skin, adnexa or oral mucosa to develop completely
Death from dehydration or infection
