Bacterial Enteritides

Question 1

Colibacillosis

Answer 1

E. coli, gram - rod shaped bacterium, found in intestine of animals

Question 2

Enterotoxigenic (ETEC)

Answer 2

Releases enterotoxins → body to excrete fluids into the intestine
Adhere to/ colonize the absorptive epithelial cells → secretory diarrhea

Question 3

Enteropathogenic (EPEC)

Answer 3

Don’t produce enterotoxins
Attachment and effacement of epithelial villi by bacteria
Alterations in ion/fluid transport →malabsorbtive and maldigestive diarrhea (bloody)

Question 4

Other forms of colibacilosis

Answer 4

Enterohemorrhagic (EHEC): invade enterocytes → hemorrhage
Enteroinvasive (EIEC): invades lamina propria → septicemic colibacillosis

Question 5

Predisposing factors of colibacillosis

Answer 5

Heavily contaminated environment
Failure to receive colostrum
Milk substitutes
Cold stress
Overcrowding
Concurrent infections

Question 6

What are the different forms of colibacillosis?

Answer 6

ETEC (neonates/ pre weaning)
Post weaning colibacillosis (ETEC or EPEC)
Septicemic (fibrinous polyserotitis, meningitis, etc)
Edema disease (Shiga/ verotoxigenic E coli)

Question 7

Lesions associated with EPEC

Answer 7

Vascular congestion
Fluid accumulation within the lumen
Hemorrhagic

Question 8

Edema disease

Answer 8

Pig 6-14 wks old→ dietary changes
Fibrinoid necrosis of arteries/ arterioles
Neurologic signs and no diarrhea

Question 9

CS with edema disease

Answer 9

Generalized edema (stomach, intestines, GB, skin, eyelids)
Cerebral edema with neuronal necrosis → swine cerebral angiopathy

Question 10

Postweaning colibacillosis

Answer 10

Coliform enteritis of weaned pigs
In the first 1-2 weeks following weaning (change of food)
Loss of condition

Question 11

Septicemic colibacillosis

Answer 11

Generalized systemic infection with E. coli (calves and piglets)
Peracute to chronic (bacterial localization in meninges, joints and body cavities)

Question 12

Consequenses of septicemic colibacillosis

Answer 12

Hypogammaglobinemia
Fibrin thrombi
Hydropericardium
Fibrinous polyserositis

Question 13

Salmonenllosis

Answer 13

Feco-oral transmission → invade enterocytes and macrophages → enteritis, septicemia and endotoxemia
“Second great pretender”

Question 14

Peracute Salmonellosis

Answer 14

S. Cholerasuis
Petechial hemorrhage, DIC
Fibrinoid necrosis of BVs → thrombosis → ischemia, cyanosis and fibrinous polyserositis

Question 15

Acute Salmonellosis

Answer 15

Fibroinonecrotic enterocolitis, necrosis of Peyer’s Patches and mesenteric lymphadenopathy
Multifocal hepatitis (paratyphoid nodules)

Question 16

Chronic salmonellosis

Answer 16

Vasculitis → thrombosis → infarction → button ulcers
Ulcerative enterocolitis and proctitis
Rectal strictures and obstruction

Question 17

Clostridial enteritis

Answer 17

C. perfringens: Enterotoxemia
Sudden death in healthy animals
Necrotizing/ hemorrhagic enterocolitis and toxemia
Gram+, rod shaped

Question 18

C. piliforme

Answer 18

Tyzzer’s disease → necrotic hepatitis, enteritis, colitis and myocarditis
Affects horses and rabbits

Question 19

C. difficile

Answer 19

Clostroides difficile
Horses: Abx- associated and nosocomial diarrhea

Question 20

Other forms of clostridial infections

Answer 20

C. Chauvoei (blackleg)
C. septicum (braxy) → abomastitis in sheep and calves

Question 21

Johne’s disease

Answer 21

Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (MAP)
Acid fast, Gram+
Zoonotic potential

Question 22

Lesions of the advanced infection of Johne’s disease

Answer 22

Prominent mucosal folds (lepromatous form)- cattle
Caseating granulomas (tuberculoid form)- sheep goats and deer
Granulomatous lymphangitis and lymphadenitis
Lymphangiectasia
Distal ileum (ileocecal valve)

Question 23

Lawsonia intracellularis

Answer 23

In pigs > 4 weeks
Hyperplasia of the crypt epithelium followed by crypt necrosis (ileum)

Question 24

Synonyms for Lawsonia

Answer 24

Proliferative enteropathy (PE)
Proliferative hemorrhagic enteropathy

Question 25

Swine dysentery

Answer 25

Brachyspira hyodysteneriae or B. hampsonii
Gram-, anaerobic spirochete
Affecting colon in pigs 8-14 wks old

Question 26

Which anaerobic colonic flora does B. hyo (swine dysentery) interact with?

Answer 26

F. necrophorum
Bacterioides vulgatus

Question 27

Swine dysentery findings

Answer 27

Fibronecrotic pseudomembranes
Hemorrhage
Necrosis of superfical mucosa
stain with Warthin-starry

Question 28

Rhodoccus Equi enterocolitis

Answer 28

In foals 4-6 mon
Gram+
Suppurative/ pyogranulomatous pneumonia
Pyogranulomatous enterotyphlocolitis