Upper Resp. Disease in Large Animals Flashcards
Equine Viral Rhinopneumonitis (EVR)
From Equine herpes virus 1 (EHV1)
Causes mild resp. disease in weaning foals and racehorses (stress) and abortion
Predispose to secondary bacterial infection
Equine Influenza Virus
Caused by Type A infleunza virus (orthomyxovirus)
Causes fever, conjunctivitis and nasal discharge
What can secondary bacterial infections from equine influenza virus cause?
Bronchointerstitial pneumonia and nasal discharge
Fatal adenovirus infection
In immunocompromised foals
Arabians + immunodeficiency disease (CID)
Strangles
Streptococcus equi equi
Causes suppurative rhinitis and lymphadentitis (mandibular and retropharyngeal)
Bastard strangles
Occasional hematogenous dissemination to internal organs
Common sequelae of strangles
Bronchopneumonia due to aspiration of exudate
Laryngeal hemiplegia (roaring)
Facial paralysis
Purpura hemorrhagica
Streptococcus
Gram +, non spore forming, in short cocci or chains
Guttural pouch
Ventral dilation of Eustachian (auditory) tubes
Unknown function (thermoregulation ?)
Guttural pouch empyema
Pus filled pouch
Ascending bacterial infection from S. equi
GP mycosis
Aspergillus spp
Thrombosis/ rupture of carotid artery is common sequela
Epistaxis, thromboembolism to CNS
GP tympany
Accumulation of air in the GP
Genetic predisposition in Arabians (foals)
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR/ Rednose)
Caused by Bovine Herpes 1 (BH1)
Synergizes with Manheimia haemolytica to produce pneumonia
Intranuclear IBs
CS of IBR
Abortion, systemic infections in calves and infectious pustulae vulvovaginitis (IPV)
Severe hyperemia and focal necrosis of resp. mucosa
Calf Diphtheria
Necrotic laryngitis and laryngeal necrobacillosis
Fusobacterium necrophorum
Common in feedlot cattle with other diseases
Predisposing factors of calf diphtheria
Traumatic injury**
Nutritional deficiencies
Unsanitary housing
Viral infections
Bacterial infection
CS of calf diphtheria
Anorexia, pyrexia, loud wheezing, dyspnea, protrusion of the tongue, ptyalism, depression, halitosis, dysphagia
Fusobacterium
Gram-
Non-spore forming anaerobe
Seen in long filaments, short elements or cocci
Lesions of calf diphtheria
In arytenoid cartilages
Well-demarcated, dry, yellow-grey, thick-crusted, necrotic areas
Deep ulceration
Histopathology of calf diphtheria
Large necrotic folci borded by hyperemia
Granulation tissue, leukocytes (chronic)
Bacterial (secondary)
Severe cases of calf diphtheria
Aspiration pneumonia
Death due to toxemia
Oestrus Ovis
Oestrus ovis larval infection or Sheep Nose Bot
Common cause of sinusitis in sheep (nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses)
CS of Sheep Nose Bot
Run and gather in circles with their heads together to avoid flies (Not CNS!!)
Nasal discharge and sneezing
Severe oestrus ovis infection
Thickening of nasal mucosa and mucopurulent discharge impairs respiration
Larvae dies in sinuses → septic sinusitis and goes to brain
Caprine upper resp. disease
P. multocida or M. haemolytica (gram - cocobacilli)
Mild, serous to catarrhal to mucopurulent rhinitis
