Forestomach Flashcards
Bloat/ Ruminal Tympany
Dilation of the rumen
Acute and chronic/ recurrent (physical functional defect in eructation)
Over-distention of the rumen and reticulum with gases of fermentation
Acute ruminal tympany
Animals fed legumes of high concentrates ration
Foaming of contents prevents gas from leaving
Pasture bloat (Primary Bloat)
↑ Legumes → chloroplast particles with proteins degraded in rumen → gas bubbles trapped and don’t coalesce → stable foam
Feedlot bloat (primary bloat)
CHO’s produce slime that traps gases → stable foam
CHO’s growth of encapsulated bacteria →↑ polysaccs ↑ viscosity of rumen contents → foam
Signs and lesions of bloat
Abdominal distention
Animal found dead and rolled on back (Saw horse)
Large vol of frothy rumen content
Bloat line on esophagus @ thoracic inlet
Different foreign bodies
Trichobezoar (hair balls)
Phytobezoars (plant balls)
Lead substances → poisoning
Sharp metals → Hardware disease (Reticulopericarditis)
Traumatic Reticulitis (hardware disease)
Pregnant dairy cattle
Consume nails with hay
Enlarging fetus pushes wire through wall of reticulum into heart
Prevent: magnet in rumen
Grain overload
Sudden change to high CHO diet → overgrowth of gram +bacteria → pH < 5 and ruminal atony
What does acidic pH from grain overload cause?
Eliminates normal gram - bacteria
Damages mucosa → microvesicles
Effects of grain overload
↑ organic acids → osmotic effect → fluids into rumen
Sudden death from dehydration, acidossi and endotoxemia
Bacterial rumenitis:
Sequelae of grain overload
Trueperella (Arcanobacterium) pyogenes
Fusobacterium necrophorum
Healed ulcers (Stellate scars)
How does grain overload affect the liver and vena cava?
Grain overload in GI → to liver causing liver abscess via portal vein → abscess ruptre into the caudal vena cava → vegetative valvular endocarditis
Mycotic rumenitis
Sequelae of grain overload
Well demarcated, circular hemorrhagic infarcts
Systemic → placentitis and abortion
