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ATI TEAs > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of the urinary system?

A

-to excrete water and waste from the body and maintains the balance of water and salt in the blood
-also maintains blood pressure, filters food, and produced the active form of vitamin D

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2
Q

what is electrolyte balance?

A

the balance of water and salt in the blood

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3
Q

what is the genitourinary system?

A

the reproductive system and the urinary system

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4
Q

what are the kidneys function?

A

-filter waste from the blood
-maintain the electrolyte balance in the blood
-regulate blood volume, pressure, and pH
-as an endocrine organ

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5
Q

what is a sphincter?

A

any circular muscle that controls movement of substances through passageways

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6
Q

what important hormone do kidneys release?

A

renin

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7
Q

what is renin?

A

a hormone which regulates blood pressure by retaining or removing salt and water

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8
Q

how is a kidney divided?

A

the renal cortex, outermost layer
renal medulla, inner layer

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9
Q

what is the functional unit of the kidney?

A

nephron

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10
Q

what is the nephron?

A

a series of looping tubes that filter the blood and reabsorb nutrients. the resulting waste is urea (a byproduct of protein catabolism) and uric acid (a byproduct of nuclei acid)

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11
Q

what is urea?

A

it is a byproduct of protein catabolism

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12
Q

what is uric acid?

A

a byproduct of nuclei acid

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13
Q

what is urine?

A

urea and uric acid excreted from the body

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14
Q

what is a glomerulus?

A

a network of capillaries where where filtration begins in and is located in the renal cortex of each kidney

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15
Q

what is the outermost layer of the kidney?
what is the inner layer of the kidney?

A

-renal cortex
-renal medulla

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16
Q

where are the collecting ducts located?
-what happens here?

A

-located in the renal medulla
-the waste comes from from the glomerulus is funneled into here

17
Q

from the collecting ducts, what passes through what?

A

urine passes through the renal pelvis

18
Q

after urine reaches the renal pelvis, where does it go?

A

through two long tubes called the ureters then into the urinary bladder and exists through the urethra

19
Q

how much liquid can the bladder hold?

A

up to 1 liter

20
Q

do males or females have longer urethras?

A

males have a much longer one than males

21
Q

the sequence of urine:

A

-filtration in glomerulus in renal cortex
-funneled into collecting ducts in renal medulla
-passes through renal pelvis
-goes to ureters
-ureters drain into bladder
-urine exists bladder through urethra

22
Q

what is a UTI?

A

urinary tract infection
-occurs when bacteria infects the kidneys, bladder, or urethra

23
Q

pyelonephritis

A

infection of the kidneys

24
Q

why do people need dialysis?

A

because they have chronic kidney disease. a machine performs the tasks of the kidneys and removes the waste from the blood

25
Q

what are renal calculi?

A

kidney stones

26
Q

the average length in a female urethra is

A

1 to 1.5 inches

27
Q

the renal cortex contains?

A

renal pyramids and blood vessels

28
Q

what are renal pyramids and where are they located

A

they are strings of nephrons and tubules which transport fluid into the kidney. located in renal cortex

29
Q

within the renal cortex, this hormone is stimulated because?

A

erythropoietin is stimulated for the production of new RBC

30
Q

the renal tubule is responsible for?
-what are the three parts to it?

A

-reabsorption and secretion of fluids, remaining fluid is urine
-proximal convoluted tubule (PCT): contain mitochondria on walls which makes ATP which pulls sodium ions from filtrate and reabsorbs good stuff from filtrate back into the blood
-Loop of Henle: pumps out salts through ascending limbs
-distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

31
Q

what brings in blood to the nephrons?

A

renal arteries

32
Q

what transports blood out of the glomerulus?

A

efferent arteriole

33
Q

what are erythropoietin?

A

-hormone that stimulates the production of RBCs and is found in the renal cortex (outerlayer of kidneys)

34
Q

the renal medulla is where?

A

concentration of urine is regulated

35
Q

the renal artery allows?
-renal veins allows?

A

-oxygenated blood to enter the kidneys
-deoxygenated blood to leave the kidneys

36
Q

protein metabolism results in?

A

-blood full of waste entering the kidneys

37
Q

the nephron capillary connects to ?

A

the renal artery

38
Q

filtrate includes?

A

water, urea, glucose, salt

39
Q

how do the kidneys effect blood pressure?

A

by secreting hormones that cause blood vessels to dilate or constrict and by controlling the volume of the blood

ATI TEAs (17 decks)

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