Integumentary System

Question 1

what are the layers of skin?

Answer 1

-epidermis, dermis and hypodermis ,subcutaneous layer

Question 2

what is the epidermis?

Answer 2

-the outermost layer of the skin. is waterproof and contains no blood vessels and acts mainly to protect the body

Question 3

what is the dermis?

Answer 3

-lies under the epidermis and consists of dense connective tissue that allows skin to stretch and flex. is home to blood vessels, glands, and hair follicles

Question 4

what is the hypodermis aka subcutaneous layer?

Answer 4

-a layer of fat below the dermis that stores energy in the form of fat and acts as a cushion for the body

Question 5

what are the roles that the skin takes on?

Answer 5

-acts as a barrier to protect body from injury
-intrusion of foreign particles
-loss of water and nutrients
-important for thermoregulation

Question 6

what is thermoregulation?

Answer 6

regulates body temp through dilation or constriction of blood flow in the blood vessels. if blood vessels dilate, the release of heat will happen due to the increase of blood flow (hotter body temp=blood flow increase). if vessels constrict, blood flow reduces and helps conserve heat (cooler body temp=slower blood flow)
-this is found near the surface of the skin

Question 7

if the body needs to release heat, what happens to the blood vessels?

Answer 7

the blood vessels will dilate or become larger to increase blood flow and cool the body

Question 8

if the body needs to conserve heat, what happens to the blood vessels?

Answer 8

-the blood vessels will constrict or tighten to conserve heat and warm the body up

Question 9

when skin is exposed to sunlight?

Answer 9

-the skin produces vitamin D

Question 10

what is the skin home to?

Answer 10

-nerve endings that sense temperature, pressure, and pain and also houses glands that help maintain homeostasis

Question 11

eccrine glands:
-located where?
-release?

Answer 11

-located primarily in the palms of the hands and soles of the feet
-release the water and salt mixture (NaCl) called sweat

Question 12

what is sweat made out of? where is it released from?

Answer 12

-it is made out of NaCl and water and other substances that need to expel like alcohol, lactic acid and urea. it is released from the eccrine glands

Question 13

apocrine glands:
-located?
-releases?
-sensitive to?
-responsible for?
-when are they largely active?

Answer 13

-located primarily in armpits and groin
-release an oily substance that contains pheromones (carriers of information between individuals within a species)
-sensitive to adrenaline
-responsible for most of the sweating that occurs due to stress, fear, anxiety or pain
-largely inactive until puberty

Question 14

what is flushing?

Answer 14

-the reddening of the skin caused by dilating blood vessels

Question 15

what is psoriasis

Answer 15

autoimmune condition that causes inflammation in the skin, resulting in red, flacking patches on skin

Question 16

what is eczema aka?

Answer 16

atopic dermatitis

Question 17

melanoma vs nonmelanoma cancers

Answer 17

melanoma appear as irregular, dark patches on skin and more difficult to treat than non-melanoma

Question 18

what do melanocytes produced and do?

Answer 18

they produce melanin and helps protect against UV radiation

Question 19

sebaceous gland

Answer 19

a small gland in the skin which secretes a lubricating oily matter (sebum) into the hair follicles to lubricate the skin and hair

Question 20

sudoriferous gland

Answer 20

sweat glands such as eccrine and apocrine

Question 21

ceruminous glands

Answer 21

within the human external auditory canal, they are modified apocrine glands which produce earwax aka cerumen

Question 22

whats cerumen

Answer 22

ear wax

Question 23

what is the epidermis made up of and what kind of cells does it include?

Answer 23

-it is made up of dead cells on the outside and has living cells on the inside. includes cells known as “melanocytes”

Question 24

what part of the skin contains collagen?

Answer 24

the dermis

Question 25

what is excreted by glands within the skin?

Answer 25

-sodium, magnesium, chloride, water, minerals, lactic acid, alcohol, urea

Question 26

dilated blood vessels carry more blood where?

Answer 26

carry blood closer to the skin’s surface which can appear as flushed cheeks