Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ATI TEAs > Immune System > Flashcards

Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of the immune system?
what are the two systems within the immune system?

A

-helps fight off bacteria and viruses that causes diseases
-the innate system and the adaptive system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

innate immune system includes?
-what line of defense is this?

A

-nonspecific defenses that work against a wide range of infectious agents
-includes both physically barriers that keep out foreign particles and organisms along with cells that attack invaders
-it is the first line of defense against infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the adaptive immune system does what?
-what line of defense?

A

it learns to respond only to specific invaders
(beta cells and t-cells)
-second line of defense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the first line of defense in the immune system?

A

the innate system which contains barriers like the skin, openings, urethra, mucus, earwax, chemical barriers (low pH, salt, enzymes) and cellular barriers of commensal micro-organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are they underlying mechanisms behind vaccines? what is introduced?

A

-memory B-cells
-they introduce a harmless version of a pathogen into the body to activate the body’s adaptive immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

when pathogens enter the body, what do they attempt to do?
-what does the body do?

A

replicate and cause an infection
-the body mounts a number of nonspecific repsonses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the body’s initial response to a pathogen is?

A

-inflammation which increases blood flow to the infected area which then increases the presence of white blood cells also called leukocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is a leukocyte?

A

white blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is antimicrobial peptides?

A

it is an innate response which destroys bacteria by interfering with the functions of their membrane or DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is interferon?

A

it is an innate response, proteins which causes nearby cells to increase their defenses and interfere with the production of new viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are antigens?

A

molecules that the adaptive immune system rely on that appear on the surface of pathogens to which the system has previously been exposed
-are displayed on the surface of cells by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are T-cells?

A

in the cell-mediated response, they destroy any cell that displays an antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are B-cells?
-they produce?

A

in the antibody-mediated response, they are activated by antigens
-they produce plasma cells, which in turn releases antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

where will antibodies bind?

A

-only to specific antigens and destroy the infected cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

memory B-cells are

A

created during infection, allowing the immune system to respond more quickly if the infection appears again. product of antigen activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the type of granulocytes?

A

-neutrophil
-eosinophil
-basophil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

neutrophil:
-apart of?
-role?
-innate or adaptive?
-prevalence?

A

-granulocytes
-first responders that quickly migrate to the site of infections to destroy bacterial invaders
-innate
-very common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

eosinophil:
-apart of?
-role?
-innate or adaptive?
-prevalence?

A

-granulocytes
-attack multicellular parasites
-innate
-rare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

basophil:
-apart of?
-role?
-innate or adaptive?
-prevalence?

A

-granulocytes
-large cell responsible for inflammatory reactions including allergies
-innate
-very rare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

B-cells:
-apart of?
-role?
-innate or adaptive?
-prevalence?

A

-lymphocytes
-respond to antigens by releasing antibodies
-adaptive
-common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

T-cells:
-apart of?
-role?
-innate or adaptive?
-prevalence?

A

-lymphocytes
-respond to antigens by destroying invaders and infected cells
-adaptive
-common

22
Q

natural killer cells:
-apart of?
-role?
-innate or adaptive?
-prevalence?

A

-lymphocytes
-destroy virus-infected cells and tumor cells
-innate and adaptive
-common

23
Q

macrophage:
-apart of?
-role?
-innate or adaptive?
-prevalence?

A

-monocytes
-engulf and destroy microbes, foreign substances and cancer cells
-innate and adaptive
-rare

24
Q

autoimmune disease will attack?
-what is allergy?

A

healthy tissues
-when the immune system attacks harmless particles

25
Q

an infection that will attack the immune system itself is

A

HIV aka human immunodeficiency virus attacks helper T-cells eventually causing AIDS

26
Q

inflammation increases the blood flow to the damaged area, which does what?
-inflammatory response is when? and apart of what kind of response?

A

-increase its temp and bringing WBC to the site
-blood vessels dilate and WBC and fluids are sent out to the area of infection. apart of the innate system

27
Q

are antibodies part of the innate system?

A

-no

28
Q

what is the role of monocytes in wounds?

A

-they digest pathogens

29
Q

what are histamines?

A

-they are a chemical that is released causing an increase in blood flow to the area and the number of WBC called phagocytes destroy the unknown bacteria
-apart of innate response

30
Q

the innate system helps remove? and begin?

A

-remove foreign invaders and begin healing process

31
Q

lymphatic system, WBC and antibodies are apart of?

A

-adaptive defense

32
Q

what is passive immunity?

A

-when the body is exposed to antibodies that have been made by another individual , such as mother passes antibodies through her child with breastmilk or placenta

33
Q

what is active immunity?

A

-when the body produces its own antibodies in response to an infection and is usually longer lasting than passive

34
Q

what is a kupffer cell and where is it found?

A

it is a macrophage, large WBC, that is found in the liver

35
Q

what is dust cells and where is it found?

A

it is a macrophage, that is found in the lungs

36
Q

why is the lymph system so important for the functioning of the immune system?

A

because the lymphatic system carries pathogens from the blood through lymph

37
Q

where are B and T cells located?

A

in the lymph nodes and are activated when pathogens is encountered

38
Q

during the inflammatory response, what happens

A

-histamine is released which causes a increase in blood flood including phagocytes which destroy bacteria

39
Q

cellular vs humoral response

A

-cellular: destroys infected cell
-humoral:destroys pathogens found in body fluids using antibodies secreted by B cells

40
Q

what do the adaptive immune system remember?

A

pathogens which turn into signature molecule called antigens

41
Q

what are APCs?

A

antigen-presenting cells (such as macrophages) which digest pathogens and present the pathogen’s antigen signature to “helper” T cells

42
Q

after APC’s present pathogens to helper T cells, what happens?

A

depending on the antigen, either a B cell or a cytotoxic T cell is activated

43
Q

what do helper T cells produce to activate a cytotoxic T cell?

A

cytokines

44
Q

if cytotoxic T tells are activated what do they do?

A

search out and destroys any cell that contains the pathogen’s antigen signature

45
Q

what can helper T cells active?

A

B cells and induces it to multiply rapidly into secretory cells called plasma cells which then will produce large amounts of antibodies that can bind to antigens

46
Q

what does the antibody from the plasma cell from the B cell allow the body to do?

A

-it allows the body to remember a specific antigen that way if the antigen appears again, this triggers the memory cells to form plasma

47
Q

B cells clone into?

A

memory cells which allows the body to remember a specific antigen so that when the antigen appears again, the memory cells form plasma and produces the specific antibody

48
Q

passive vs active immunity
-both?
-passive
-active?

A

-both can be induced artificially
-passive introduces antibodies from another source that can rapidly neutralize toxins, like rapid treatment for a snakebite
-active introduces antigens like vaccinations

49
Q

what does HIV infects

A

helper T cells and prevents the activating cytotoxic T cells and B cells and prevents adaptive immune system from operating

50
Q

overactive immune system causes?

A

causes the body to overproduce huge amounts of histamine release from mast cells which result in allergy symptoms to harmless particles

51
Q

what are autoimmune disease and examples of it?

A

immune system mistakenly attacks the body includes type I diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis

ATI TEAs (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions