Digestive System

Question 1

what is the function of the digestive system?
-starts where? which contains? what helps breakdown the food?

Answer 1

-breakdown and absorption of food necessary to power the body
-starts at the mouth which contains the tongue to move food and uses the liquid saliva to assist in the breakdown of food

Question 2

chewing is also known as

Answer 2

mastication

Question 3

where does the food go after it passes the mouth?

Answer 3

-it travels through pharynx to the esophagus via peristalsis, contraction of muscle

Question 4

what is the contraction of smooth muscle, specifically in the esophagus called?

Answer 4

peristalsis

Question 5

after going down the esophagus, where does the food go? which can be defined as?

Answer 5

-the stomach which can be defined as the organ of the digestive tract found in the abdominal cavity that mixes food with powerful acidic liquid for further digestion

Question 6

what is chyme? and where does it travel?

Answer 6

created by the stomach, it is an acidic bolus of digested food and it travels to the small intestines

Question 7

what takes place in the small intestines?

Answer 7

-a significant amount of nutrient absorption takes place
-it contains millions of fingerlike projections called villi and microvilli

Question 8

what does villi and microvilli do and where is it found?

Answer 8

-it increase surface area available for the absorption of nutrients found in food. it is found mostly on the ileum. absorb water-soluble digested nutrients into blood, lipids into lacteals as chylomicrons and vitamin B12

Question 9

after the small intestines, where does food travel to?
-what does this organ assists in?

Answer 9

the large intestines
-assists in water absorption, further nutrient absorption, waste collection and production of feces

Question 10

what is at the end of the large intestines?
-what are they responsible for?

Answer 10

rectum and anus
-which are responsible for the storage of feces and removal of feces

Question 11

what are sphincters?

Answer 11

-muscular rings found throughout the digestive tract which regulate the movement of food through the tract and prevent reflux of material into previous cavity

Question 12

where is the upper esophageal sphincter?
lower esophageal sphincter?

Answer 12

-between the pharynx and esophagus
-between the esophagus and stomach

Question 13

where is the pyloric sphincter?
where is the ileocecal sphincter?
where is the anus?

Answer 13

-between the stomach and small intest.
-between the small intest. and large intest.
-between the rectum and outside the body

Question 14

what are accessory organs that aid in digestion?

Answer 14

-salivary glands: produce salvia, breaks down the starches and fats
-liver: produces bile, which helps break down fat in the small intestines
-gallbladder: stores bile
-pancreas: produces digestive enzymes and pancreatic juice which neutralizes the acidity of chyme

Question 15

what is Crohn’s disease?

Answer 15

an inflammatory bowel disorder that occurs when the immune system attacks the digestive system

Question 16

digestive system is also known as the?

Answer 16

G.I tract aka gastrointestinal tract which starts with the mouth and ends in the anus

Question 17

the order of the digestive tract?

Answer 17

mouth to pharynx (back of your throat), esophagus, stomach, small intestines, larger intestines, rectum

Question 18

what are the enzymes that help breakdown starches and lipids?

Answer 18

-amylase and lipase
-normally released from the acinar cells of the exocrine pancreas into the duodenum

Question 19

what does the gastric acid in the stomach do?

Answer 19

-kills bacteria , denatures proteins and activates digestive enzymes

Question 20

the small intestine is broken down into:

Answer 20

-duodenum, jejunum, ilium ( DJ Ice)

Question 21

the large intestines is broken down into:

Answer 21

-cecum, colon, rectum ( Come Cats Return)

Question 22

what is gastrin?

Answer 22

-produced in stomach and stimulates stomach acid

Question 23

what is cholecystokinin (CCK)?

Answer 23

produced in small intestines and stimulates release of enzymes form pancreas and bile from liver

Question 24

what is secretin?

Answer 24

produced in small intestines and stimulates production of bicarbonate by pancreas
released into bloodstream by duodenum

Question 25

insulin?

Answer 25

-produced in pancreas and regulates blood sugar levels

Question 26

glucagon?

Answer 26

produced in pancreas and helps release glucose from liver

Question 27

bile?

Answer 27

produced by liver and stored in gallbladder and helps breakdown fat in small intestines

Question 28

how does the parasympathetic nervous system relate to the digestive system?

Answer 28

by controlling the smooth muscle involved in mechanical digestion and movement of food

Question 29

what absorbs nutrients along the stomach and intestines?

Answer 29

-blood vessels

Question 30

what kind of enzymes are found within the salvia?

Answer 30

amylase and lipase to initiate chemical digestion of starch and lipids

Question 31

what is chemical digestion?

Answer 31

process where enzymes break down food particles into simple chemicals that can be used by the body

Question 32

swallowed aka

Answer 32

deglutition

Question 33

where is the gastric sphincter?

Answer 33

before the stomach, this sphincter pushes bolus to the stomach

Question 34

what prevents reflux of food back into the esophagus?

Answer 34

esophageal (cardiac) sphincter

Question 35

what are the three main secretions of the stomach?

Answer 35

-mucus which lines the stomach
-hydrochloric acid creates an acidic environment
-pepsinogen is converter into pepsin which is an enzyme that helps chemically digest proteins in acidic environment

Question 36

what is pepsin?

Answer 36

an enzyme that helps chemically digest proteins in this acidic environment of the stomach, activated by hydrochloric acid

Question 37

parts of the small intestines in order:

Answer 37

-duodenum
-jejunum
-ileum

Question 38

how and where is chyme neutralized?

Answer 38

within the duodenum through bicarbonate. duodenum receives alkaline bile juices from the gallbladder which helps neutralize acidic chyme

Question 39

brush border enzymes are produced by? include?

Answer 39

produced by the duodenum, includes proteases, lactase and other disaccharidases and bicarbonate

Question 40

what does protease do?
lactase?

Answer 40

-protease: break down protein
-lactase: helps to digest lactose, produced by cells that line the walls the duodenum

Question 41

what does the ileum mostly contain?

Answer 41

villi and microvilli

Question 42

what does blood carry?
where does it pass from? to? through? allowing? convert? metabolize? store?

Answer 42

blood carries nutrients which passes from the small intestine to the liver through the hepatic portal duct, allowing enzymes to deaminate amino acids, convert ammonia to urea, metabolize consumed toxins and store glucose as glycogen

Question 43

what projects from the colon?

Answer 43

vermiform appendix at the junction of small and large intestines

Question 44

what vitamin is absorbed in the large intestines?

Answer 44

vitamin K

Question 45

what hormone induces hunger?

Answer 45

ghrelin

Question 46

leptin causes?

Answer 46

hormone that causes sensation of satiety (feeling full)

Question 47

insulin induces? glucagon stimulates?

Answer 47

induces cellular uptake of glucose
stimulates breakdown of stored glycogen

Question 48

what are enzymes?

Answer 48

proteins produced by the body that catalyze and speed up reactions

Question 49

bile aids in?

Answer 49

chemical that aids in digestion by the breakdown in lipids or fats which is released by the gallbladder