Reproductive System Flashcards
what does the male reproductive system produce?
sperm aka male gametes
when and where is sperm produced?
during spermatogenesis in the testes
what occurs in the testes?
spermatogenesis
what is the scrotum?
sac-liked external part of male reproductive system that holds the testes
what does the scrotum do? and why?
-contracts and relaxes to move the testes closer to or farther away from the body which keeps the testes at the appropriate temperature for sperm production
epididymis
long coiled tube where mature sperm cells are stored
what is the vas deferens?
-a long, thin tube where sperm is transported from the epididymis
along the way from the epididymis to the vas deferens, the sperm are joined by fluids from three glands
-seminal vesicles
-prostate
-Cowper’s gland
what are seminal vesicles?
glands which secrete fluid composed of various proteins, sugars, and enzymes
what is prostate?
gland which contributes an alkaline fluid that counteracts the acidity of the vaginal tract
what is Cowper’s gland?
gland which secretes a protein-rich fluid that acts as a lubricant
what is semen?
mix of fluids and sperm which travels down the urethra and exists body through the penis
what is the main hormone associated with the male reproductive system?
testosterone which is released by the testes and in the adrenal glands in smaller amounts
what is testosterone responsible for?
male reproductive development and secondary sexual characteristics like muscle and facial hair
what does the female system produce?
eggs and fetus
what are female gametes
eggs
where are eggs produced?
where do they travel through?
-eggs are produced in the ovaries
-travel through the fallopian tubes to the uterus
what is the uterus?
-made out of muscular organ that houses a fetus during pregnancy
what is endometrium?
layer of blood-rich tissue which lines the uterine cavity
what lines the uterine cavity?
endometrium
menstruation is when
endometrium sheds
fertilization occurs when?
eggs absorbs the sperm which takes place in the fallopian tubes but may happen in uterus itself
after fertilization, what occurs?
the new zygote implants itself in the endometrium where it will grow and develop over 38 weeks
placenta
-what is it’s main function?
-where is located?
where is it connected? by?
during gestation, the fetus acquires nutrients and passes waste through the placenta. it is attached to the wall of the uterus and is connected to the baby by the umbilical cord
where do muscle contractions occur when fetus is mature?
myometrium which the muscular layer next to the endometrium
from myometrium, the fetus will reach what into the what?
it will reach the cervix into the vagina
what hormone is produced by the ovaries?
estrogen
what does estrogen stimulate?
Graafian follicles which contain immature eggs cells
what contain immature eggs cells?
Graafian follicles
what is luteinizing hormone and where is it released from?
is released from the pituitary gland which causes the eggs to be released into the fallopian the during ovulation
what is released in high levels to help with fetal growth and to prevent further ovulation during pregrancy?
estrogen and progesterone
what is the vulva?
external female genitals
what are seminiferous tubules?
-there are the specific location meiosis and are located within the testes. sperm is produced here
prostate and semiviscles produced?
-the fluids necessary for lubricating and nourishing the sperm
sperm is ejaculated through these parts of the male reproductive?
-vas derefens to urethra to penis
fertilization is aka?
-implantation?
-gestation?
-parturition?
conception
-start of pregnancy
-pregnancy
-childbirth
fallopian tubes is aka?
-oviducts
what is a blastocyst?
-a zygote which turned into a ball of cells that were divided and can implant itself on the uterine wall. it will then turn into an embryo and grow a placenta
uterine wall is aka?
-endometrium
-this is where the blastocyst implants itself
where does FSH and LH come from?
-the hypothalamus secretes GnRH which then will tell the anterior pituitary gland to secrete LH and FSH
In males, LH is released to produce?
-testosterone and FSH stimulate?
-more testosterone by signaling the testes
- testosterone and FSH stimulate the production of sperm cells
in females, FSH signals the? which means? and causes?
-ovaries to produce more estrogen which means some eggs will mature in the ovary’s follicles and causes the uterine wall to thicken
a surge of LH will cause a developing egg to?
be released because it is most responsive to the LH
what is corpus luteum?
empty mature follicle which produces large amounts of progesterone to prepare the endometrium for implantation of the fertilized egg
what causes the menstrual cycle?
the shedding of the uterine lining from failed implantation
