Cell Structure & Division

Question 1

what are macromolecules?

Answer 1

-large chemicals that are important to living things and include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids

Question 2

what do chemicals build?

Answer 2

-build cells

Question 3

hiearchy of biology

Answer 3

organism
organs
tissues
cells
chemicals

Question 4

what are the basic parts of the cell?

Answer 4

-nucleus, plasma membrane, and cytoplasm

Question 5

what is mitochondria?
-what type of cell is it most abundant in?

Answer 5

-site of energy production
-skeletal cells due to the energy it needs for movement

Question 6

organelles coordinate with other organelles to…

Answer 6

-perform a cell’s basic function, such as energy processing, waste excretion or protein synthesizing

Question 7

what parts of the cell work together to create protein?

Answer 7

-ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus

Question 8

what does the cell membrane do?

Answer 8

maintains cell environment through selective permeably

Question 9

cytoplasm function

Answer 9

-suspends and supports the cell structures inside and transfers material required for cellular processes

Question 10

golgi apparatus function

Answer 10

processes lipid molecules and proteins

Question 11

lysosome function

Answer 11

-aid in digestion and recycling of old cell materials
-may help destroy invasive viruses and bacteria

Question 12

mitochondrion

Answer 12

generates chemical energy in the form of ATP

Question 13

nucleus

Answer 13

holds genes that carry hereditary information and regulates activity of the cell

Question 14

nucleolus

Answer 14

-assembles RNA and proteins into ribosomes

Question 15

ribosomes

Answer 15

-synthesize proteins. some are free floating and some are on the surface of endoplasmic reticulum

Question 16

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 16

contains ribosomes; synthesizes and processes protein in the cell

Question 17

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 17

synthesize and concentrates lipids in cell
inactivates toxins and harmful metabolic processes

Question 18

vacuole

Answer 18

serves as a storage for a variety of elements such as water, toxins, carbohydrates

Question 19

what happens for mitosis?
phases of mitosis:

Answer 19

-mitosis happens for cell duplication for tissue growth and repair
1. interphase: DNA replicates
2. prophase: chromosomes condense and visible chromosomes appear
3. metaphase: chromosomes line up
4. anaphase: chromosomes are pulled apart to the poles and cell division begins
5. telophase: two nuclei form and daughter cells separate in cytokinesis

Question 20

what’s interphase mitosis

Answer 20

apart of mitosis and is when DNA replicates

Question 21

prophase mitosis

Answer 21

chromosomes condense and visible chromosomes appear, apart of mitosis

Question 22

what is metaphase mitosis

Answer 22

metaphase is when chromosomes line up and it is part of mitosis

Question 23

anaphase mitosis

Answer 23

-chromosomes are pulled apart to the poles and cell division begins, it is part of mitosis

Question 24

telophase mitosis

Answer 24

-two nuclei form and daughter cells separate in cytokinesis

Question 25

in the process of meiosis, what happens? what’re the phases?

Answer 25

-four gametes or sex cells are produced
-meiosis I
-interphase I
-prophase I
-metaphase I
-anaphase I
-telophase I
-happens again during meiosis II

Question 26

during meiosis I and meiosis II, what happens during interphase?

Answer 26

-DNA is replicated

Question 27

during meiosis I & II, what happens during prophase?

Answer 27

-meiosis I: homologous chromosomes pair and cross over
-meiosis II: daughter cells contain half the chromosomes of the original cell

Question 28

during meiosis I & II, what happens during metaphase?

Answer 28

metaphase I: homologous chromosomes line up in pairs
metaphase II: chromosomes align

Question 29

during meiosis I & II, what happens during anaphase?

Answer 29

-anaphase I: one chromosome from each homologous pair is pulled towards each pole
-anaphase II: sister chromatids separates and move to opposite ends of the cell

Question 30

ellduring meiosis I & II, what happens during telophase?

Answer 30

-telophase I: nuclear membranes form as the cell separates into two
-telophase II: nuclear membrane forms as the two cells separate into four haploid daughter cells