Urinary Histology

Question 1

How do you tell if cortex region of kidney

Answer 1

presence of many darkly stained dotted glomeruli

Question 2

How do you identify the medullery region of the kidney

Answer 2

all tubular structures

Question 3

LArge artery outside cortex/ medulla region is

Answer 3

renal artery entering the hylum

Question 4

what is the kidney surrounded by

Answer 4

fibrous capsule connective tissue

Question 5

What are the white tube like structures that appear white?

Answer 5

majority will be proximal convoluted tubule.. those with a very very clear lumen = distal convuluted tubule likely

Question 6

What is the renal corpuscle

Answer 6

consists of capillaries (glomerulus) surrounded by a double-walled capsule (Bowman’s capsule) that opens into a tubule.

Question 7

How do you identify the renal corpuscle

Answer 7

1. looks like a dense arrangement of blood cells with a white lumen around
2. vascular “pull” identify distal convuluted tubule (with a clear lumen) coming in contact with glomerulus. Efferent and afferent arteroiles enter and exit G here
3. all structures around = PCT
4. glomerulus is surrounded by a white space = bowmans capsule

Question 8

What special cells are in the walls of the afferent adn efferent capillaries

Answer 8

Extraglomerular mesangium cells = believed to have functional role in secretion of renin to control blood pressure

Question 9

What type of epithelial cells in DCT

Answer 9

cuboidal turns more columbnar nearer vascular pull

Question 10

What type of epithelium lines the outer layer of the bowmans capsule

Answer 10

simple squmous epithelium

Question 11

What is a key difference in the appearence fo DCT and PCT on a histology slide?

Answer 11

PCT = little luminal space
DCT = Clear lumen space

Question 12

In medullary region what do the tubular structures form

Answer 12

a urinal papular (can’t understnad him) (looks like a sling shot) which drains the filtrate into the urinal (cavits?)

Question 13

What type of epithelium is the collecting tubule lined by

Answer 13

simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 14

What is LoH lined by and how to distinguish

Answer 14

simple squamous epithelium. V distinctive as clear but VERY THIN lumen.

Question 15

What are the different types of tubular structure found in the medulla?

Answer 15

2. DCT
3. LoH
4. collecting duct

Question 16

What are peritubular capillaries?

Answer 16

tiny blood vessels, supplied by the efferent arteriole, that travel alongside nephrons allowing reabsorption and secretion between blood and the inner lumen of the nephron.

Question 17

How can you distunguish pertitubular capillaries

Answer 17

high density in medulla.

2. blood cell in lumen of capillary
3. simple squamous epithelial lining

Question 18

Where is the convolution of the distal convoluted tubule

Answer 18

at the corticomedullary region = lower into medulla = distal tubule.

Question 19

What is the appearance of the ureter at low magnification

Answer 19

1. star like lumen
2. 3 major histological layers: a) inner = mucosal layer = transitional epithelial lining. sub mucosal layer (referred as lamina propria)= loose connective tissue component = caps and BV.
   b) Muscularis layer surrounds the sub mucosal = muscularis mucosa = thickest layer = smooth muscle = contract = allow urine to flow. BV
   c) Third layer = outer advanticia/ serosal layer = dense fibrous connective tissue layer. Has BV in to nourish and supply blood.
   Outer from this = abundant adipose tissue.

Question 20

What are the histological features of the bladder?

Answer 20

1. Transitional epithelium lines mucosal lining
2. further in = loose connective tissue layer: lamina propria: sub mucosal layer = some scattered smooth muscle and collagen fibres BV.
3. Lumen = of bladder
4. folding of mucosal = relaxed state of bladder if not = full.
   5.

Question 21

In the bladder what does the mucosal layer consist of

Answer 21

1. epi lining

2. lamina porpria/ sub mucosal layer

Question 22

Further in can see thick layer of the bladder what does this consist of

Answer 22

1. smooth muscle bundles

2. arranged in multiple orientation - longitudinal or circular = not all the same like in the others

Question 23

what is the appearance of the longitudional orientation of the smooth muscle cell in muscularis mucosa in bladder

Answer 23

1. cigar/ elongated shaped nuclei

2. lots of collagen fibres within

Question 24

what is the appearance of the transverse smooth muscle cell of the bladder

Answer 24

1. rounder nuclei

2. not all cells retain nuclei in middle due to tapering end of cell

Question 25

What is the lamina propria

Answer 25

The lamina propria is a thin layer of loose (areolar) connective tissue, which lies beneath the epithelium, and together with the epithelium and basement membrane constitutes the mucosa

Question 26

What is the differnce between mucosa and submucosa

Answer 26

The mucosa consists of the epithelium itself and also the supporting loose connective tissue, called lamina propria, immediately beneath the epithelium. Deeper connective tissue which supports the mucosa is called the submucosa