Urinary Histology Flashcards
How do you tell if cortex region of kidney
presence of many darkly stained dotted glomeruli
How do you identify the medullery region of the kidney
all tubular structures
LArge artery outside cortex/ medulla region is
renal artery entering the hylum
what is the kidney surrounded by
fibrous capsule connective tissue
What are the white tube like structures that appear white?
majority will be proximal convoluted tubule.. those with a very very clear lumen = distal convuluted tubule likely
What is the renal corpuscle
consists of capillaries (glomerulus) surrounded by a double-walled capsule (Bowman’s capsule) that opens into a tubule.
How do you identify the renal corpuscle
- looks like a dense arrangement of blood cells with a white lumen around
- vascular “pull” identify distal convuluted tubule (with a clear lumen) coming in contact with glomerulus. Efferent and afferent arteroiles enter and exit G here
- all structures around = PCT
- glomerulus is surrounded by a white space = bowmans capsule
What special cells are in the walls of the afferent adn efferent capillaries
Extraglomerular mesangium cells = believed to have functional role in secretion of renin to control blood pressure
What type of epithelial cells in DCT
cuboidal turns more columbnar nearer vascular pull
What type of epithelium lines the outer layer of the bowmans capsule
simple squmous epithelium
What is a key difference in the appearence fo DCT and PCT on a histology slide?
PCT = little luminal space DCT = Clear lumen space
In medullary region what do the tubular structures form
a urinal papular (can’t understnad him) (looks like a sling shot) which drains the filtrate into the urinal (cavits?)
What type of epithelium is the collecting tubule lined by
simple cuboidal epithelium
What is LoH lined by and how to distinguish
simple squamous epithelium. V distinctive as clear but VERY THIN lumen.
What are the different types of tubular structure found in the medulla?
- DCT
- LoH
- collecting duct
What are peritubular capillaries?
tiny blood vessels, supplied by the efferent arteriole, that travel alongside nephrons allowing reabsorption and secretion between blood and the inner lumen of the nephron.
How can you distunguish pertitubular capillaries
high density in medulla.
- blood cell in lumen of capillary
- simple squamous epithelial lining
Where is the convolution of the distal convoluted tubule
at the corticomedullary region = lower into medulla = distal tubule.
What is the appearance of the ureter at low magnification
- star like lumen
- 3 major histological layers: a) inner = mucosal layer = transitional epithelial lining. sub mucosal layer (referred as lamina propria)= loose connective tissue component = caps and BV.
b) Muscularis layer surrounds the sub mucosal = muscularis mucosa = thickest layer = smooth muscle = contract = allow urine to flow. BV
c) Third layer = outer advanticia/ serosal layer = dense fibrous connective tissue layer. Has BV in to nourish and supply blood.
Outer from this = abundant adipose tissue.
What are the histological features of the bladder?
- Transitional epithelium lines mucosal lining
- further in = loose connective tissue layer: lamina propria: sub mucosal layer = some scattered smooth muscle and collagen fibres BV.
- Lumen = of bladder
- folding of mucosal = relaxed state of bladder if not = full.
5.
In the bladder what does the mucosal layer consist of
- epi lining
2. lamina porpria/ sub mucosal layer
Further in can see thick layer of the bladder what does this consist of
- smooth muscle bundles
2. arranged in multiple orientation - longitudinal or circular = not all the same like in the others
what is the appearance of the longitudional orientation of the smooth muscle cell in muscularis mucosa in bladder
- cigar/ elongated shaped nuclei
2. lots of collagen fibres within
what is the appearance of the transverse smooth muscle cell of the bladder
- rounder nuclei
2. not all cells retain nuclei in middle due to tapering end of cell
