AHW proteins and carbs

Question 1

What is the difference between essential and non essential amino acids

Answer 1

1. essential- tissue synthesis is unable to meet body requirements when absent from diet
2. Non essential- tissue synthesis can compensate for their absence from the diet

Question 2

Define Crude protein

Answer 2

The total protein content of feed

Question 3

How is crude protein calculated?

Answer 3

Nitrogen content X 6.25 (protein roughly contains 16% Nitrogen)

Question 4

Why is it harder to calculate the crude protein in ruminants?

Answer 4

Because microorganisms act as a source of protein

Question 5

Give 2 reasons why the amino acid composition in the diet of ruminants less important?

Answer 5

1. Because rumen microflora are capable of synthesising protein from non protein nitrogen sources (need nitrogen and carbs for fuel fermentation)
2. Microbial protein- rumen microbes flow into abomasum and SI where the protein they contain is digested and absorbed as AA

Question 6

Where does protein absorption occur? and in what form?

Answer 6

1. Small Intestine

2. As amino acids, di and tri peptides

Question 7

Why are microbes not a good source of protein for horses?

Answer 7

1. Fermentation vat (hind gut) is distal to SI therefore most microbial protein is passed out as faeces

Question 8

What are non-protein nitrogen

Answer 8

compounds (urea) which are not protein but can be coverted to NH4+ (ammonium) and then to protein by rumen microbes

Question 9

Summary of what happens to protein in ruminant

Answer 9

1. Undegradable protein passes straight to abomasum and SI
2. Rumen degrabable protein into AA for microbial protein to inc pop, then into abomasum & SI
3. RDP into AA and NH4+
4. Non protein nitrogen in diet = NH4+ = MP. Build up = urea
5. Urea in liver = salivary glands OR kidney = waste

Question 10

How is Rumen Degrabable Protein RDP split up

Answer 10

1. Quickly degraded Protein (80% efficiency of conversion to microbial protein)
2. SDP - 100%

Question 11

Rumen fermentation changes what into what ….

Answer 11

1. Poor quality protein in plant material into high quality microbial protein.
2. Changes non protein nitrogen sources into high quality microbial protein

Question 12

What are the primary energy nutrients?

Answer 12

Lipid and Carbohydrates together

Question 13

What is the primary nutritional function of carbohydrates?

Answer 13

ENERGY

Question 14

How come horses are able to eat hay and people can’t?

Answer 14

Because they have bacteria in their hind gut

Question 15

Higher proportion of acid detergent fibre in a feed stuff then how digestible is it? and why?

Answer 15

The LESS digestible.

lignin gets in way of enzymes and microflora breaking down rest of food.