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First Year Term 1 > Equine husbandry > Flashcards

Equine husbandry Flashcards

1
Q

Horse average DM intake

A

3% body weight

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2
Q

Dentition

A 
Prehension = incisors
Mastication = molars
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3
Q

What should forage proportion of diet be

A
  1. Mainstay of the diet
  2. rule of thumb proportion: Maintenance = 80-100%
  3. Work:
    light = 80-90%
    Moderate = 50-80%
    Intensive = 30-50%
    Late Gestation = 50-60%
    Lactation = 40-60%
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4
Q

What proportion of fresh forage (grass)

A

10-30% DM

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5
Q

What proportion of conserved forage

A
  1. must be older than 2 months before feeding
  2. hay = 80-90% DM
  3. Haylage = 50-65% DM
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6
Q

Cereals

A
  1. Oats: Palatable, can be fed whole or rolled/bruised
    Easily digested in small intestine
    53% starch, 12% protein, 5% fat, 12% fibre
    Can be heating – rapid release of energy
  2. Barley: Hard kernel – needs to be treated (crushed/bruised). Limited digestion in small intestine
    Can lead to starch overload in hindgut. Good for condition gain
  3. Corn = Lower fibre, but higher in energy than oats
    High starch, less digested in SI = increased risk of starch overload in large intestine
  4. Bran = Outer portion of wheat grains. Fed as a ‘mash’ : laxative effects! High fibre/low protein
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7
Q

Maintenance energy of a horse lighter than 600kg BW and heavier

A

Horses < 600 kg BW:
MJ/d = (1.4 + 0.03 x BW) x 4.18
Mcal/d = 1.4 + (0.03 x BW)

Horses >600 kg BW:
Mcal/d = 1.82 + (0.0383 x BW) – (0.000015 xBW2)

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8
Q

energy for breeding

A 
early gestation = M only
Late gestation (9-11 months) = M+ 20%
Early lactation = M+ 50% (to 12)
Late lactation (13-24 weeks = M + 25%
Stallion in breeding = M +25%
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9
Q

What sort of GI are they described as having?

A

monogastric, hindgut fermenters

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10
Q

What plants are toxic to horses

A
  1. Ragwort

2. Acorns/ Sycamore

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11
Q

What is hay?

A
  1. coserved grass/alfalfa

2. cut while still green then dried (protein content dec with age, fibre and lignified tissue inc

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12
Q

What is haylage

A
  1. NAturally fermented grass
  2. cut white still green, dired for short, baled
  3. Highly nutritious, digestible and palatable
  4. Reduced dust, spoils quickly once opened
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13
Q

What are examples of protein supplements

A

May contain toxins so much boil or cook to deactivate

  1. Linseed = low starch and sugar. High protein. High omega 3 content/ high oil content = safe energy source
  2. Soya bean meal cake = biologially valuable, broodmares
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14
Q

What is an additional fibre source for horses?

A
  1. sugar beet:
    a) requires soaking
    b) high in fibre = especially soluble fibre
    c) Low sugar no starch
    d) palatable, adds bulk
    e) calcium rich
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15
Q

How can feed be presented?

A
  1. Haynets/bags
  2. racks
  3. mangers
  4. floor
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16
Q

How to work out a horses weight using formula

A

wight (kg) = Girth^2 (cm) X length (cm) / 11900

17
Q

What breeds are “hot blooded”

A
  1. Thoroughtbreds: racing = 15-17hh 400-650kg

2. Arabs: endurance = 14-16hh 350-550 kg

18
Q

What breeds are “Heavy/ Draught

A
  1. Shire, Clydesdale, Cleveland Bay, Suffolk Punch, Percheron etc
  2. 16-19hh, 650-1100kg
19
Q

What breeds are “Warmblood/ sports horses

A
  1. Trakehner, Oldenburg, Dutch warmblood, Hanovarian etc

2. 14.2-17.2hh, 400 – 650kg

20
Q

What breeds are ponies

A

Shetland, Exmoor, Fell, New Forest, Highland, welsh etc

Under 14.2hh, 200-550kg

21
Q

How do we age horses

A
  1. appearance
  2. time of year
  3. Teeth
  4. identity document
22
Q

How do you determine the height?

A
  1. Official body = jint measurement board = official organisation
  2. Standing on level ground, no shoes, foot trimmed, over 4 years, stick must be level footed and have a spirit level
23
Q

What is the importance of height

A
  1. ID description
  2. Competition - class eligibilty
  3. breed standards
24
Q

What do grass kept horses require

A

min 1 acre per hrose

25
Q

why would you house

A
  1. Control of exercise or food intake
  2. Protect wet or overgrazed pastures
  3. Protect from
    Heat and flies in summer
    Cold and adverse weather in winter
  4. Monitor wellbeing and assist convalescence
26
Q

What vaccinations must horses have

A
  1. equine influenza: 6 month booster

2. Tetnus

27
Q

What is the typical body composition of a horse?

A
  1. 60% water
  2. 20% protein
  3. 12% fat
  4. 7% mineral
  5. 1% carbohydrate
  6. <1% stored carbohydrate
    Fat = most variable component

First Year Term 1 (35 decks)

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