Respiratory comparative

Question 1

Describe the trachea

Answer 1

1. supported by rings of cartilage, in all species is incomplete

Question 2

Tear drop shaped trachea indicates what

Answer 2

ruminant

Question 3

C shaped trachea indicates what

Answer 3

dog and cat

Question 4

what is the shape of pig trachea

Answer 4

overlapping tracheal cartilage

Question 5

What muscle is associated with the trachea. Where is its position

Answer 5

Dorsal Tracheales muscle.

Usually on inside but in dogs and cats = outside

Question 6

What would indicate a collapsed trachea

Answer 6

Clicking noise

Question 7

What is past the trachea

Answer 7

= tracheals bifarcation (dividing into 2) = left and right bronchus = one to each lung

Question 8

What is special about ruminants and pigs

Answer 8

Additional tracheal bronchus off the T and into right cranial lung lobe BEFORE tracheal bifarcation

Question 9

Where no gas exchange occurs what kind of epithelium

Answer 9

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium = “TRE” = typical respiratory epithelium

Question 10

How many lobules in each lung for a DOG, PIG, RUMINANT, HORSE

Answer 10

most species = 4 R and 2 L.
Horses are an exception
1. Dog: 4R: cranial, caudal, accessory, middle 2L: cranial and caudal
2. Pig = 4 R: cranial, caudal, middle, accessory 2 L: cranial and caudal, divided by a cardiac notch.
Distinctive lobation
3. RUMINANT: R: 4 lobes C, M, C, A L = 2 C and C. Pronounced lobation and lobulationRight larger than left on 2:3 ratio
4. Horse = cranial and caudal and RHS = accessory lobe at base. Nearly equal sized, right is thicker

Question 11

what are the appearance of diff species lungs

Answer 11

dog and horse = no obvious lobulation

pig = highly lobulared from connective tissue joining with visceral pleura

Question 12

What are the differences between bronchi and bronchioles

Answer 12

1. Bronchi = greater than 1mm diameter. Bronchiole = less than a mm in diameter
2. Bronchi has cartilage. bronchiole = NO cartilage
3. Bronchiole = no sub mucosal glands
4. Bronchiole = last division = terminal bronchiole = no cilia, or goblet cells = just a tube

Question 13

What is the function of the pleural in terms of respiration

Answer 13

• Means there is a neg pressure in pleural sac which is needed to hold lungs against chest wall and diaphragm – if not = chest move but lung not

Question 14

• What is the function of the nasal turbinates?

Answer 14

• Humidifies air breath in, warms up, cleans it (msucous)