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URINARY Flashcards

1
Q

What is urea?

A

Nitrogenous waste present in blood

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2
Q

What happens when level of urea increases ?

A

Acidosis

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3
Q

What is the primary function of the urinary system?

A

Remove urea from blood.

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4
Q

What are the organs of the urinary system?

A

2 kidneys, 2 ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

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5
Q

Blood reaches the kidneys through which vessel?

A

Renal artery

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6
Q

Blood exits the kidneys through which vessel?

A

Renal Vein

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7
Q

Which renal vessel carries impure blood?

A

Renal artery

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8
Q

Which renal vessel carries pure/filtered blood?

A

Renal vein

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9
Q

Location of kidney?

A

Retroperitoneally in the lumbar region on either side of the vertebral column

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10
Q

Functions of the kidneys?

A

Acid- Base balance
Water balance
Removal of toxins
Maintain blood pressure with renin
Produce erythropoietin for erythropoiesis
Activate Vit D

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11
Q

What hormone is released by kidney to maintain blood pressure ?

A

Renin

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12
Q

What hormone is produced by kidney that helps in rbc production?

A

Erythropoietin

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13
Q

I what are the layers of kidney?

A

Outer cortex
Inner medulla

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14
Q

Through which part does blood vessels and nerves enter the kidney?

A

Hilum of the kidney

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15
Q

What is the covering of kidney called?

A

Renal capsule

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16
Q

Urine filtration happens where in the urinary system?

A

Renal tubules

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17
Q

Collection of capillaries shaped in the form of a ball in the kidney is called?

A

Glomerulus

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18
Q

Materials filtered by the glomeruli are collected where ?

A

Bowman’s capsule

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19
Q

Components of renal tubule?

A

PCT - proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of henle
DCT - Distal Convoluted Tubule
CT - collecting tubule

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20
Q

What is the renal pyramid?

A

Triangular shaped area in the medulla where the renal tubules connect

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21
Q

What are renal calyces ?

A

cup shaped conduits in the kidney that acts a channel for the urine to pass through to the renal pelvis, where urine is drained into the ureters.

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22
Q

What is renal pelvis ?

A

Basin like area in the central part of the kidney which extends as the ureter

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23
Q

Function unit of kidney ?

A

Nephron

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24
Q

What are the two components of a nephron ?

A

Renal corpuscule
Renal tubule

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25
Q

Components of renal corpuscle ?

A

Glomerulus and bowman’s capsule

26
Q

Renal artery branches off from what vessel?

A

Abdominal aorta

27
Q

To what vessel does renal vein join?

A

Inferior vena cava

28
Q

Small arteries that branch off renal artery to form the glomerulus?

A

Efferent arteriole

29
Q

What are afferent arterioles?

A

Arterioles that leave the bowman’s capsule

30
Q

What capillaries covers the PCT and DCT?

A

Peritubular capillaries

31
Q

What vessel supplies blood to cortical part of nephrons?

A

Peritubular capillaries

32
Q

Capillary that supplies blood to medulla?

A

Vasa recta

33
Q

Vasa recta runs parallel to what part of kidney?

A

Loop of henle

34
Q

What is the trigone?

A

Triangular space at the base of the bladder where the ureter enter and the urethra exists

35
Q

External opening of urethra is called?

A

Urethral meatus

36
Q

How many sphincter does urethra have?

A

2
External urethral sphincter
Internal urethral sphincter

37
Q

What is micturition?

A

Process of voiding urine through the urethra

38
Q

What are steps of urine formation?

A

Glomerular filtration
Tubular reabsorption
Tubular secretion

39
Q

Surgical procedure to remove kidney?

A

Nephrectomy

40
Q

Procedure to drain bladder and collect urine through catheter ?

A

Urinary catheterization

41
Q

What is ESWL

A

Extracorporeal shock wave Lithotripsy
Procedure to break down stone using shock waves

42
Q

What are the two types of dialysis?

A

Hemodialysis
Peritoneal dialysis

43
Q

Cystoscopy?

A

Scopy to view the urinary bladder

44
Q

BUN?

A

Blood urea nitrogen
Measures the amount of urea nitrogen

45
Q

Polycystic kidneys

A

Clusters of cysts develop in the kidney
Nephromegaly

46
Q

Wills tumor ?

A

Kidney cancer in children

47
Q

Renal cell carcinoma

A

Renal tubule cancer in adults

48
Q

Nephrotic syndrome

A

Causes the body to pass too much protein in urine due to damage of golmeruli

49
Q

Kidney failure

A

Failure of kidney to produce urine

50
Q

Interstitial nephritis

A

Inflammation of renal interstitium- space between kidney tubules

51
Q

Pyelonephritis

A

Inflammation of renal pelvis with pus

52
Q

What is the function of trigone?

A

Ensures unidirectional flow of urine

53
Q

Which muscle maintains storage and emptying of urine from bladder?

A

Detrusor muscle

54
Q

Renin function?

A

Vasoconstriction

55
Q

Key presentation of nephrolithiasis?

A

Floating pain

56
Q

What is uremic frost ?

A

Urea crystallizes in the blood and comes up through the hair follicles on the skin

57
Q

Polyuria level
Oligouria level

A

700-1200ml
Less than 400ml

58
Q

Normal range of urine output ?

59
Q

Diabetes insipidus is associated with decreased production of which hormone?

A

ADH/ Vasopressin

60
Q

DM-1 is caused due to what?

A

Destruction of beta cells of pancreas

61
Q

DM-2 is due to what?

A

Destruction of alpha cells of pancreas

62
Q

What is the adult onset Diabetes that is induced by external factors ?

ASAP (19 decks)

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