URINARY

Question 1

What is urea?

Answer 1

Nitrogenous waste present in blood

Question 2

What happens when level of urea increases ?

Answer 2

Acidosis

Question 3

What is the primary function of the urinary system?

Answer 3

Remove urea from blood.

Question 4

What are the organs of the urinary system?

Answer 4

2 kidneys, 2 ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

Question 5

Blood reaches the kidneys through which vessel?

Answer 5

Renal artery

Question 6

Blood exits the kidneys through which vessel?

Answer 6

Renal Vein

Question 7

Which renal vessel carries impure blood?

Answer 7

Renal artery

Question 8

Which renal vessel carries pure/filtered blood?

Answer 8

Renal vein

Question 9

Location of kidney?

Answer 9

Retroperitoneally in the lumbar region on either side of the vertebral column

Question 10

Functions of the kidneys?

Answer 10

Acid- Base balance
Water balance
Removal of toxins
Maintain blood pressure with renin
Produce erythropoietin for erythropoiesis
Activate Vit D

Question 11

What hormone is released by kidney to maintain blood pressure ?

Answer 11

Renin

Question 12

What hormone is produced by kidney that helps in rbc production?

Answer 12

Erythropoietin

Question 13

I what are the layers of kidney?

Answer 13

Outer cortex
Inner medulla

Question 14

Through which part does blood vessels and nerves enter the kidney?

Answer 14

Hilum of the kidney

Question 15

What is the covering of kidney called?

Answer 15

Renal capsule

Question 16

Urine filtration happens where in the urinary system?

Answer 16

Renal tubules

Question 17

Collection of capillaries shaped in the form of a ball in the kidney is called?

Answer 17

Glomerulus

Question 18

Materials filtered by the glomeruli are collected where ?

Answer 18

Bowman’s capsule

Question 19

Components of renal tubule?

Answer 19

PCT - proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of henle
DCT - Distal Convoluted Tubule
CT - collecting tubule

Question 20

What is the renal pyramid?

Answer 20

Triangular shaped area in the medulla where the renal tubules connect

Question 21

What are renal calyces ?

Answer 21

cup shaped conduits in the kidney that acts a channel for the urine to pass through to the renal pelvis, where urine is drained into the ureters.

Question 22

What is renal pelvis ?

Answer 22

Basin like area in the central part of the kidney which extends as the ureter

Question 23

Function unit of kidney ?

Answer 23

Nephron

Question 24

What are the two components of a nephron ?

Answer 24

Renal corpuscule
Renal tubule

Question 25

Components of renal corpuscle ?

Answer 25

Glomerulus and bowman’s capsule

Question 26

Renal artery branches off from what vessel?

Answer 26

Abdominal aorta

Question 27

To what vessel does renal vein join?

Answer 27

Inferior vena cava

Question 28

Small arteries that branch off renal artery to form the glomerulus?

Answer 28

Efferent arteriole

Question 29

What are afferent arterioles?

Answer 29

Arterioles that leave the bowman’s capsule

Question 30

What capillaries covers the PCT and DCT?

Answer 30

Peritubular capillaries

Question 31

What vessel supplies blood to cortical part of nephrons?

Answer 31

Peritubular capillaries

Question 32

Capillary that supplies blood to medulla?

Answer 32

Vasa recta

Question 33

Vasa recta runs parallel to what part of kidney?

Answer 33

Loop of henle

Question 34

What is the trigone?

Answer 34

Triangular space at the base of the bladder where the ureter enter and the urethra exists

Question 35

External opening of urethra is called?

Answer 35

Urethral meatus

Question 36

How many sphincter does urethra have?

Answer 36

2 External urethral sphincter Internal urethral sphincter

Question 37

What is micturition?

Answer 37

Process of voiding urine through the urethra

Question 38

What are steps of urine formation?

Answer 38

Glomerular filtration Tubular reabsorption Tubular secretion

Question 39

Surgical procedure to remove kidney?

Answer 39

Nephrectomy

Question 40

Procedure to drain bladder and collect urine through catheter ?

Answer 40

Urinary catheterization

Question 41

What is ESWL

Answer 41

Extracorporeal shock wave Lithotripsy Procedure to break down stone using shock waves

Question 42

What are the two types of dialysis?

Answer 42

Hemodialysis Peritoneal dialysis

Question 43

Cystoscopy?

Answer 43

Scopy to view the urinary bladder

Question 44

BUN?

Answer 44

Blood urea nitrogen Measures the amount of urea nitrogen

Question 45

Polycystic kidneys

Answer 45

Clusters of cysts develop in the kidney Nephromegaly

Question 46

Wills tumor ?

Answer 46

Kidney cancer in children

Question 47

Renal cell carcinoma

Answer 47

Renal tubule cancer in adults

Question 48

Nephrotic syndrome

Answer 48

Causes the body to pass too much protein in urine due to damage of golmeruli

Question 49

Kidney failure

Answer 49

Failure of kidney to produce urine

Question 50

Interstitial nephritis

Answer 50

Inflammation of renal interstitium- space between kidney tubules

Question 51

Pyelonephritis

Answer 51

Inflammation of renal pelvis with pus

Question 52

What is the function of trigone?

Answer 52

Ensures unidirectional flow of urine

Question 53

Which muscle maintains storage and emptying of urine from bladder?

Answer 53

Detrusor muscle

Question 54

Renin function?

Answer 54

Vasoconstriction

Question 55

Key presentation of nephrolithiasis?

Answer 55

Floating pain

Question 56

What is uremic frost ?

Answer 56

Urea crystallizes in the blood and comes up through the hair follicles on the skin

Question 57

Polyuria level Oligouria level

Answer 57

700-1200ml Less than 400ml

Question 58

Normal range of urine output ?

Answer 58

400 mL

Question 59

Diabetes insipidus is associated with decreased production of which hormone?

Answer 59

ADH/ Vasopressin

Question 60

DM-1 is caused due to what?

Answer 60

Destruction of beta cells of pancreas

Question 61

DM-2 is due to what?

Answer 61

Destruction of alpha cells of pancreas

Question 62

What is the adult onset Diabetes that is induced by external factors ?

Answer 62

DM2