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Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

What are the endocrine glands ?

A

Ductless glands that produce hormones which go directly into the blood stream

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2
Q

Endocrine tissues apart from glands are-

A

Prostaglandin
Kidney
GI tract
Skin
Placenta
Liver

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3
Q

Location of hypothalamus

A

Base of brain

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4
Q

Function of hypothalamus

A

Secretes hormones that signals the release of hormones from the pituitary gland

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5
Q

What are the physiological functions affected directly by the hypothalamus?

A

Water balance
Sleep
Temperature
Appetite
Blood pressure

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6
Q

Location of pituitary gland

A

Sella Turcica

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7
Q

Two parts of pituitary gland ?

A

Anterior pit ( adenohypophysis)
Posterior pit ( neurohypophysis)

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8
Q

Hormones of adenohypophysis?

A

Growth hormone.
Thyroid, stimulating hormone
Adenocorticotropic hormone
Gonadotropic hormone
Prolactin
Melanocyte stimulating hormone

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9
Q

Another name for Growth Hormone ?

A

Somatotropin

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10
Q

Function of TSH

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone
Promotes growth of thyroid gland and secretion of thyroxin

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11
Q

ACTH function

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Promotes growth of adrenal cortex and secretion of steroid hormone

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12
Q

What are the gonadotropic hormones ?

A

FSH
LH

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13
Q

Hormone responsible for milk production?

A

Prolactin

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14
Q

Hyper secretion of which hormone causes hyperpigmentation?

A

Melanocyte stimulating hormone

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15
Q

Hormones of the neurohypohysis ?

A

ADH
OXYTOCIN

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16
Q

Vasopressin is which hormone ?

A

ADH

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17
Q

Functions of ADH

A

Antidiuretic hormone -
Reabsorption of water by kidney
Maintain blood pressure by constricting arterioles

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18
Q

Which hormone stimulates contraction during labor ?

A

Oxytocin

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19
Q

Location of pineal gland ?

A

Below the corpus callosum in the middle of the brain

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20
Q

Hormone produced by pineal gland ?

A

Melatonin
Serotonin

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21
Q

Function of melatonin

A

Control sleep cycle

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22
Q

Function of serotonin

A

Mood stabilizer

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23
Q

Which gland serves as an important landmark in an X-Ray of the brain?

A

Pineal gland

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24
Q

Thyroid gland location

A

Anterior aspect of the neck on either side of rod the trachea

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25
What connects the connects the two lobes of the thyroid gland
Isthmus
26
Hormones of the thyroid gland ?
T4- thyroxine / tetraiodothyronine T3 - triiodothyronine
27
What are thyroid hormones composed of?
Iodine and tyrosine
28
Which hormones are responsible for maintaining metabolism of body ?
T3 T4 thyroid hormones
29
Which thyroid hormone is responsible for maintaining levels of calcium ?
Calcitonin
30
Location of parathyroid gland ?
Behind the thyroid gland
31
Function of parathyroid hormone?
Mobilizes the calcium stored in the bones through the blood to where it is required.
32
Location of thymus gland
Posterior to the sternum in the mediastinum
33
Hormone of thymus gland ?
Thymosin
34
Function of thymosin?
Development of immune responses in neonates
35
Location of testes ?
Scrotum
36
Hormones produced by testes ?
Testosterone
37
Function of testosterone ?
Secondary sexual characteristics in males
38
Ovarian hormones are ?
Estradiol Progesterone
39
Function of estradiol?
Secondary sexual characteristics in females
40
Function of progesterone ?
Maintenance of pregnancy
41
Hormones of adrenal cortex ?
Glucocorticoids Mineralocorticoids Sex hormones
42
Which endocrine hormone is responsible for metabolism of sugars, fats and proteins ?
Glucocorticoids
43
Which endocrine hormone is responsible for metabolism of sugars, fats and proteins ?
Glucocorticoids
44
Which hormone has powerful anti-inflammatory effects ?
Glucocorticoids
45
Which is the most important glucocorticoid hormone ?
Cortisol
46
Maintenance of electrolytes is by which adrenal hormone ?
Mineralocorticoids
47
Which Mineralocorticoids hormone promotes reabsorption of Na+ ?
Aldosterone
48
Potassium is excreted by which hormone ?
Aldosterone
49
Hormones secreted by adrenal medulla?
Epinephrine Norepinephrine
50
Which hormones are sympathomimetic hormones ?
Epinephrine Norepinephrine
51
Hyposecretion of somatotropin causes what condition ?
Dwarfism
52
What is pan hypopituitarism?
All pituitary hormones are deficient
53
What is SIADH
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH
54
Hypersecretion of ADH causes what?
Excess water retention
55
Hypersecretion of GH?
Acromegaly
56
ADH deficiency causes what?
Diabetic insipidus
57
Clinical symptoms of ADH deficiency ?
Polyuria polydipsia
58
What is goiter ?
Enlargement of thyroid gland
59
Thyroid level in adenomatous goiter increases or decreases ?
Increases
60
What is thyroid storm?
Abrupt onset of severe hyperthyroidism
61
Under activity of thyroid results in what condition ?
Hypothyroidism
62
What is cretinism?
Extreme hypothyroidism in childhood leading to lack of normal physical and mental growth
63
What is myxedema?
Advanced hypothyroidism in adults.
64
In which thyroid condition does collection of mucous takes place under the skin?
Myxedema hypothyroidism
65
Condition with constant muscle contraction resulting from hypocalcemia?
Tetany
66
What are islets of langerhans?
Endocrine cells of pancreas
67
What are the hormones produced by pancreas?
Insulin - beta cells Glucagon - alpha cells
68
Insulin is released when glucose is ?
Above normal level
69
Glucagon is released when sugar is ?
Below normal levels
70
Hypersecretion of insulin causes what ?
Hyperinsulinism Hypoglycemia
71
Role of insulin in diabetes mellitus?
Insulin insufficiency
72
Type 1 DM is ?
Destruction of beta cells and complete deficiency of insulin
73
Which DM is insulin dependent?
Type 1 DM / juvenile DM
74
Type 2 DM
Adult onset Beta cells are not destroyed Target tissue resists insulin
75
Ketoacidosis is commonly seen in which type of DM ?
Type 1
76
What is ketoacidosis?
Fats are improperly burned and leads to accumulation of ketones
77
What is gestational diabetes ?
Diabetes occurring in pregnant woman During 2/3 trimester
78
Adrenal virilism?
Excessive secretion of adrenal androgen in females leading to male secondary sexual characteristics in woman
79
Excess cortisol and excess ACTH leads to what condition ?
Cushing syndrome
80
Long term use of glucocorticoids may lead you to what condition ?
Cushing syndrome
81
Hormone levels in addison disease ?
Mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids deficiency
82
Excess secretion of which hormones causes dusky urine ? What is the condition ?
Hypersecretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine Pheochromocytoma
83
What is cachexia?
Loss of weight with decreased food intake and increased metabolism

ASAP (19 decks)

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