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Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

What are the endocrine glands ?

A

Ductless glands that produce hormones which go directly into the blood stream

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2
Q

Endocrine tissues apart from glands are-

A

Prostaglandin
Kidney
GI tract
Skin
Placenta
Liver

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3
Q

Location of hypothalamus

A

Base of brain

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4
Q

Function of hypothalamus

A

Secretes hormones that signals the release of hormones from the pituitary gland

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5
Q

What are the physiological functions affected directly by the hypothalamus?

A

Water balance
Sleep
Temperature
Appetite
Blood pressure

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6
Q

Location of pituitary gland

A

Sella Turcica

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7
Q

Two parts of pituitary gland ?

A

Anterior pit ( adenohypophysis)
Posterior pit ( neurohypophysis)

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8
Q

Hormones of adenohypophysis?

A

Growth hormone.
Thyroid, stimulating hormone
Adenocorticotropic hormone
Gonadotropic hormone
Prolactin
Melanocyte stimulating hormone

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9
Q

Another name for Growth Hormone ?

A

Somatotropin

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10
Q

Function of TSH

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone
Promotes growth of thyroid gland and secretion of thyroxin

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11
Q

ACTH function

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Promotes growth of adrenal cortex and secretion of steroid hormone

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12
Q

What are the gonadotropic hormones ?

A

FSH
LH

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13
Q

Hormone responsible for milk production?

A

Prolactin

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14
Q

Hyper secretion of which hormone causes hyperpigmentation?

A

Melanocyte stimulating hormone

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15
Q

Hormones of the neurohypohysis ?

A

ADH
OXYTOCIN

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16
Q

Vasopressin is which hormone ?

A

ADH

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17
Q

Functions of ADH

A

Antidiuretic hormone -
Reabsorption of water by kidney
Maintain blood pressure by constricting arterioles

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18
Q

Which hormone stimulates contraction during labor ?

A

Oxytocin

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19
Q

Location of pineal gland ?

A

Below the corpus callosum in the middle of the brain

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20
Q

Hormone produced by pineal gland ?

A

Melatonin
Serotonin

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21
Q

Function of melatonin

A

Control sleep cycle

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22
Q

Function of serotonin

A

Mood stabilizer

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23
Q

Which gland serves as an important landmark in an X-Ray of the brain?

A

Pineal gland

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24
Q

Thyroid gland location

A

Anterior aspect of the neck on either side of rod the trachea

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25
Q

What connects the connects the two lobes of the thyroid gland

A

Isthmus

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26
Q

Hormones of the thyroid gland ?

A

T4- thyroxine / tetraiodothyronine
T3 - triiodothyronine

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27
Q

What are thyroid hormones composed of?

A

Iodine and tyrosine

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28
Q

Which hormones are responsible for maintaining metabolism of body ?

A

T3 T4 thyroid hormones

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29
Q

Which thyroid hormone is responsible for maintaining levels of calcium ?

A

Calcitonin

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30
Q

Location of parathyroid gland ?

A

Behind the thyroid gland

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31
Q

Function of parathyroid hormone?

A

Mobilizes the calcium stored in the bones through the blood to where it is required.

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32
Q

Location of thymus gland

A

Posterior to the sternum in the mediastinum

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33
Q

Hormone of thymus gland ?

A

Thymosin

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34
Q

Function of thymosin?

A

Development of immune responses in neonates

35
Q

Location of testes ?

36
Q

Hormones produced by testes ?

A

Testosterone

37
Q

Function of testosterone ?

A

Secondary sexual characteristics in males

38
Q

Ovarian hormones are ?

A

Estradiol
Progesterone

39
Q

Function of estradiol?

A

Secondary sexual characteristics in females

40
Q

Function of progesterone ?

A

Maintenance of pregnancy

41
Q

Hormones of adrenal cortex ?

A

Glucocorticoids
Mineralocorticoids
Sex hormones

42
Q

Which endocrine hormone is responsible for metabolism of sugars, fats and proteins ?

A

Glucocorticoids

43
Q

Which endocrine hormone is responsible for metabolism of sugars, fats and proteins ?

A

Glucocorticoids

44
Q

Which hormone has powerful anti-inflammatory effects ?

A

Glucocorticoids

45
Q

Which is the most important glucocorticoid hormone ?

46
Q

Maintenance of electrolytes is by which adrenal hormone ?

A

Mineralocorticoids

47
Q

Which Mineralocorticoids hormone promotes reabsorption of Na+ ?

A

Aldosterone

48
Q

Potassium is excreted by which hormone ?

A

Aldosterone

49
Q

Hormones secreted by adrenal medulla?

A

Epinephrine
Norepinephrine

50
Q

Which hormones are sympathomimetic hormones ?

A

Epinephrine
Norepinephrine

51
Q

Hyposecretion of somatotropin causes what condition ?

52
Q

What is pan hypopituitarism?

A

All pituitary hormones are deficient

53
Q

What is SIADH

A

Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH

54
Q

Hypersecretion of ADH causes what?

A

Excess water retention

55
Q

Hypersecretion of GH?

A

Acromegaly

56
Q

ADH deficiency causes what?

A

Diabetic insipidus

57
Q

Clinical symptoms of ADH deficiency ?

A

Polyuria polydipsia

58
Q

What is goiter ?

A

Enlargement of thyroid gland

59
Q

Thyroid level in adenomatous goiter increases or decreases ?

60
Q

What is thyroid storm?

A

Abrupt onset of severe hyperthyroidism

61
Q

Under activity of thyroid results in what condition ?

A

Hypothyroidism

62
Q

What is cretinism?

A

Extreme hypothyroidism in childhood leading to lack of normal physical and mental growth

63
Q

What is myxedema?

A

Advanced hypothyroidism in adults.

64
Q

In which thyroid condition does collection of mucous takes place under the skin?

A

Myxedema hypothyroidism

65
Q

Condition with constant muscle contraction resulting from hypocalcemia?

66
Q

What are islets of langerhans?

A

Endocrine cells of pancreas

67
Q

What are the hormones produced by pancreas?

A

Insulin - beta cells
Glucagon - alpha cells

68
Q

Insulin is released when glucose is ?

A

Above normal level

69
Q

Glucagon is released when sugar is ?

A

Below normal levels

70
Q

Hypersecretion of insulin causes what ?

A

Hyperinsulinism
Hypoglycemia

71
Q

Role of insulin in diabetes mellitus?

A

Insulin insufficiency

72
Q

Type 1 DM is ?

A

Destruction of beta cells and complete deficiency of insulin

73
Q

Which DM is insulin dependent?

A

Type 1 DM / juvenile DM

74
Q

Type 2 DM

A

Adult onset
Beta cells are not destroyed
Target tissue resists insulin

75
Q

Ketoacidosis is commonly seen in which type of DM ?

76
Q

What is ketoacidosis?

A

Fats are improperly burned and leads to accumulation of ketones

77
Q

What is gestational diabetes ?

A

Diabetes occurring in pregnant woman
During 2/3 trimester

78
Q

Adrenal virilism?

A

Excessive secretion of adrenal androgen in females leading to male secondary sexual characteristics in woman

79
Q

Excess cortisol and excess ACTH leads to what condition ?

A

Cushing syndrome

80
Q

Long term use of glucocorticoids may lead you to what condition ?

A

Cushing syndrome

81
Q

Hormone levels in addison disease ?

A

Mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids deficiency

82
Q

Excess secretion of which hormones causes dusky urine ? What is the condition ?

A

Hypersecretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine
Pheochromocytoma

83
Q

What is cachexia?

A

Loss of weight with decreased food intake and increased metabolism

ASAP (19 decks)

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