CVS

Question 1

Layers of blood vessels?

Answer 1

Tunica externa
Tunica media
Tunica Intima

Question 2

Which is the thickest layer of blood vessel?

Answer 2

Tunica media

Question 3

Which is the thinnest blood vessel?

Answer 3

Capillaries

Question 4

Which layer of blood vessels change diameter ?

Answer 4

Tunica media

Question 5

What is the primary function of capillaries ?

Answer 5

Exchange of materials between blood vessels and tissues

Question 6

Which blood vessel has thinner walls?
Arteries or veins?

Answer 6

Veins.

Question 7

70% of blood is found in which vessels?

Answer 7

Veins

Question 8

Where is heart located?

Answer 8

Middle medistinum in the thoracic cavity

Question 9

Double layer covering of heart is?

Answer 9

Pericardium
Parietal pericardium
Visceral pericardium

Question 10

What is the main function of pericardium and pericardial fluid ?

Answer 10

Protects heart from shocks and injuries and allows free movement

Question 11

What are the chamber so the heart?

Answer 11

RA
RV
LA
LV

Question 12

What are the valves of the heart?

Answer 12

Bicuspid / mitral valve
Tricuspid valve
2 Atrioventricular
Pulmonary valve
Aortic valve

Question 13

Where is the pulmonary valve ?

Answer 13

RV and pulmonary artery

Question 14

Where is the aortic valve?

Answer 14

Between LV and aorta

Question 15

What are the three layers of the heart?

Answer 15

Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

Question 16

Which chambers are thickest?

Answer 16

Ventricles to push out blood

Question 17

What divides the chambers of the heart?

Answer 17

Septum’s
Interatrial septum
Inter ventricular septum

Question 18

Where is the tricuspid valve ?

Answer 18

Between RA
RV

Question 19

Where is the mitral valve?

Answer 19

Between LA LV

Question 20

What is the function of valves ?

Answer 20

To ensure unidirectional flow of blood

Question 21

Which artery is the only artery that carry deoxygenated blood?

Answer 21

Pulmonary artery

Question 22

Which vein is the only vein that carries oxygenated blood.

Answer 22

Pulmonary vein

Question 23

Which is the largest artery ?

Answer 23

Aorta

Question 24

Why is blood flow in human called double circulation?

Answer 24

Blood passes twice through the heart to complete one round

Question 25

What is pulmonary circulation?

Answer 25

Part of circulation taking place in the lungs

Question 26

What is systemic circulation?

Answer 26

Part of circulation taking place in the body

Question 27

What is systole?

Answer 27

Chamber Contraction - blood pumping

Question 28

What is diastole ?

Answer 28

Chamber relaxation - blood filling

Question 29

1 heart beat - 1 cardiac cycle. What are the phases?

Answer 29

Atrial systole > ventricular systole Atrial diastole > ventricular diastole

Question 30

Abnormal heart sound is called?

Answer 30

Murmur

Question 31

Heart sound lub indicates what?

Answer 31

Closure of tricuspid and bicuspid valve Beginning of systole

Question 32

What does heart sound dub indicate?

Answer 32

Closure of pulmonary and aortic valve End of systole

Question 33

Name the specialized tissue in the heart generating electrical impulses ?

Answer 33

AV node SA Node Bundle of his Purkinje fibres

Question 34

In which layer of heart is electrical impulses formed ?

Answer 34

Myocardium

Question 35

What is the pacemaker of the heart?

Answer 35

SA Node

Question 36

What is the typical heart rate?

Answer 36

72 beats per minute

Question 37

Time taken for each cardiac cycle or 1 heart beat?

Answer 37

0.8 seconds

Question 38

What are the 4 stages of cardiac cycle?

Answer 38

Atrial systole Ventricular systole Atrial diastole Ventricular diastole

Question 39

What are semilunar valves?

Answer 39

Pulmonary valve and aortic valve

Question 40

S1 is produced by what?

Answer 40

Closure of atrioventricular valves ( tricuspid and bicuspid) S1= lub

Question 41

S2 is produced by what?

Answer 41

Closure of semilunar valves (pulmonary and aortic valves ) S2 = dub

Question 42

What are the abnormal heart sounds or murmurs called?

Answer 42

S3 and S4

Question 43

What is arrhythmia?

Answer 43

Abnormal heart rhythm

Question 44

Bradycardia rate?

Answer 44

Slower heart beat Less than 60bpm

Question 45

Tachycardia ?

Answer 45

Faster heart beat More than 100bpm

Question 46

What are supraventricular arrhythmia?

Answer 46

Atrial fibrillation Atrial flutter

Question 47

What is flutter?

Answer 47

Rapid regular rhythm

Question 48

What is fibrillation?

Answer 48

Rapid irregular rhythm

Question 49

What is a common form of bradyarrhythmia?

Answer 49

Heart block

Question 50

What is heart block / AV block?

Answer 50

Failure of proper conduction of heart impulses

Question 51

What is cardiac arrest?

Answer 51

Sudden stop of heart movement by either due to heart block or fibrillation

Question 52

What is palpitation?

Answer 52

Racing, posing feeling of heart

Question 53

What is myocardial infarction?

Answer 53

Heart attack Blood flow decreases due to coronary vessels malfunction

Question 54

What is the cardinal symptom of Myocardial Infarction?

Answer 54

Angina Pectoris

Question 55

What are the two types of myocardial infarction?

Answer 55

STEMI (ST elevation ) NSTEMI ( non ST elevation)

Question 56

What is coarctation of aorta?

Answer 56

Narrowing of aorta

Question 57

What is patent ductus arteriosus?

Answer 57

Opening between aorta and pulmonary artery

Question 58

What is TGA?

Answer 58

Transposition of Great Arteries Aorta and pulmonary artery are reversed

Question 59

Atrial septal defect ?

Answer 59

Oxygenated blood flow from LA to RA

Question 60

Ventricular septum defect ?

Answer 60

Oxygenated blood flow from LV to RV

Question 61

Congestive heart failure ?

Answer 61

Inability of LV to contract, blood volume is low

Question 62

What is blue baby syndrome?

Answer 62

Tetralogy of Fallot

Question 63

What are the 4 defects of tetrology of fallot?

Answer 63

Pulmonary artery stenosis Ventricular septal defect Shift of aorta to right Hypertrophy of RV

Question 64

What are the 2 types of hypertension?

Answer 64

Essential hypertension Secondary hypertension

Question 65

Essential hypertension range ?

Answer 65

140/90

Question 66

Aneurysm ?

Answer 66

Outward bulging like a balloon in the vessel on a weak spot

Question 67

What is atherosclerosis?

Answer 67

Thickening and hardening of vessels caused by plaque buildup

Question 68

Raynaud phenomenon?

Answer 68

Pallor and numbness in fingers and toes due to temporary constriction of arterioles of skin

Question 69

Varicose veins?

Answer 69

Swollen twisted veins in the leg due to damaged valves

Question 70

PAD?

Answer 70

Peripheral vascular disease Block of blood vessels in lower extremities due to atherosclerosis

Question 71

What is stenosis ?

Answer 71

Valves don’t open properly

Question 72

What is regurgitation ?

Answer 72

Valves don’t close properly

Question 73

What is atresia?

Answer 73

Valves don’t form properly

Question 74

What are the cardiac markers ?

Answer 74

Troponin ( heart muscle damage, MI) Creatinine- kinase ( hear muscle damage ) Myoglobin ( heart attack) CRP ( inflammation, atherosclerosis)

Question 75

What is endocarditis?

Answer 75

Inflammation of endocardium Caused by bacteria

Question 76

What is myocarditis?

Answer 76

Inflammation of myocardium

Question 77

What is pericarditis?

Answer 77

Inflammation of pericardium

Question 78

What Is CABG

Answer 78

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery to bypass blood supply from blocked vessel