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Female Flashcards

1
Q

Organs involved in the female reproductive system ?

A

ovary, uterus, fallopian tubes, vagina, vulva

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2
Q

Female gametes are called what?

A

Ovum or oocyte

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3
Q

How many chromosome are in the ovum?

A

Haploid/ 23 chromosome

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4
Q

Main function of ovaries?

A

Ovum production
Female hormones secretion

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5
Q

What is ovulation ?

A

Graffian follicles in the ovaries rupture to release ovum. This is ovulation

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6
Q

What is corpus luteum?

A

Corpus luteum is what the ruptured graffian follicles become after ovulation. It is filled with blood and then fat like material.

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7
Q

What is salpinges?

A

Fallopian tubes

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8
Q

Ovum is caught by what part of the fallopian tube?

A

Fimbriae

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9
Q

What part of the fallopian tube helps the ovum reach the uterus ?

A

Cilia lining the inner surface of the fallopian tubes

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10
Q

What is the morphology of the uterus?

A

Inverted pear shaped hollow muscular organ.

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11
Q

Location of the uterus?

A

In the pelvic cavity between rectum and bladder.

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12
Q

Layers of the uterus?

A

Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium

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13
Q

Histology of the layers of uterus?

A

Perimetrium - serous layer
Myometrium- smooth Muscles
Endometrium - epithelial layer

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14
Q

Which layer of the uterus changes thickness according to the hormone levels ?

A

Endometrium

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15
Q

Function of vagina?

A

Muscular tube that connects uterus to the outside of the body allowing menstruation, intercourse and childbirth.

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16
Q

Which part is called introitus?

A

Vaginal opening

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17
Q

What is hymen?

A

Thin membrane that surrounds the opening to the vagina

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18
Q

What is vulva?

A

External genitalia of female reproductive system.

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19
Q

What are the parts of vulva?

A

Mons pubis
Labia majora
Labia minors
Clitoris
Bartholins gland

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20
Q

What is the function of bartholin’s gland?

A

Lubrication of vagina

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21
Q

What is analogous to penis in female reproductive system?

A

Clitoris

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22
Q

Diamond shaped region between vaginal orifice and anal opening is called?

A

Perineum

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23
Q

What is vaginal orifice?

A

Vaginal opening

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24
Q

Function of the perineum?

A

The perineal body at the middle of perineum is responsible for the integrity of the pelvic floor.

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25
Labia majora histology?
Connective tissue
26
What is lactation?
Production of milk
27
Which hormone is responsible for milk production?
Prolactin by adenohypophysis
28
Which hormone is responsible for milk ejection?
Oxytocin by neurohypophysis
29
What happens to ovum is there is no fertilization?
Degenerates within 12-24 hours after ovulation
30
Beginning of menstruation is called?
Menarche
31
Cessation of menstruation is called?
Menopause
32
Normal duration of menstrual cycle?
21-35 days
33
What happens on the 14tj day of the menstrual cycle?
Ovulation
34
What is menstruation?
Discharge or blood and mucous tissue from the uterus through the vagina.
35
What is fertilization?
Fusion of ovum and sperem in the fallopian tube to form a zygote
36
What is gestation?
Development of zygote to an embryo to a fetus
37
What is the normal gestation period?
40 weeks
38
What is the pregnancy hormone ?
Progesterone - maintains pregnancy
39
What are the layers of the placenta?
Chorion Amnion
40
What are the different types of delivery?
Vaginal Caesarian
41
What are the stages of delivery?
Dilation Expulsion Placental delivery
42
What happens in the first stage of delivery?
Shortening and opening of cervix
43
What happens in the 2nd stage of delivery?
Descent and birth of baby.
44
Hormones involved in the process of female reproduction are ?
LH, FSH, estrogen, progesterone
45
Function of estrogen?
Responsible for development of female reproductive system and secondary sexual characteristics
46
Function of FSH
Maturation of ovum- follicle stimulation
47
Function of LH
Luteinizing hormone is responsible for ovulation.
48
Function of progesterone
Stimulates endometrial glands and prepares uterus for implantation of zygote
49
What happens to progesterone and estrogen in absence of fertilization?
Rapid decline in levels
50
What is PMS?
Premenstrual syndrome Set of unpleasant symptoms during menstrual cycle
51
What is amenorrhea ?
Absent menstruation for more than 3 menstrual cycles
52
Two types of amenorrhea?
Primary - absence of menstruation until puberty Secondary - normal and regular menstruation becomes irregular, or absent due to other underlying conditions
53
Dysmenorrhea
Severe and frequent menstrual cramps and pain on menstruation
54
Menorrhagia?
Abnormal uterine bleeding with heavy and prolonged menstruation
55
Polymenorrhea
Frequent menstruation
56
Oligomenorrhea
Infrequent or light menstruation
57
Meteorrhagia
Non-menstrual bleeding
58
Postmenopausal bleeding
Bleeding occurs after more than 1 year of menopause
59
Endometriosis?
Endometrial tissue growth outside uterus.
60
What are functional cysts?
Cysts that affects normal functioning of the menstrual cycle.
61
What are the two types of functional cyst?
Follicular cyst Corpus luteum cyst
62
What are follicular cysts ?
Follicular cysts is formed when the follicles does not rupture to release the ovum.
63
What is corpus luteum cyst?
Corpus luteum cyst is formed when fluid accumulates inside the corpus luteum which grows into cyst
64
What are not functional cysts?
Cysts that does not affect the normal functioning of menstrual cycle.
65
What are the types of non functional cysts?
Dermoid cysts Cystadenomas Endometriomas
66
What are teratomas?
Dermoid cysts which contain hair, skin, teeth and formed from embryonic cells
67
What are cystadenomas?
Cysts filled with watery or mucous materials formed on the surface of the ovaries.
68
What is another name for chocolate cysts?
Endometriomas
69
What are endometriomas?
Cysts formed as a result of endometriosis
70
Ectopic pregnancy ?
Implantation of zygote anywhere else other than uterus
71
Most common site for ectopic pregnancy?
Fallopian tubes
72
High blood pressure and proteinuria at 20 weeks of gestation is key feature of what complication?
Preeclampsia
73
What is abruptio placentae?
Premature separation of placenta from the lining of the uterus.
74
At what stage of delivery is abruptio placentae possible ?
Before completion of second stage of labor
75
Cancer of pregnant uterus ?
Choriocarcinoma
76
Cause of choriocarcinoma?
Miscarriage, abortion, ectopic pregnancy, molar pregnancy.
77
Cancer of breast arising from milk glands or milk ducts ?
Adenocarcinoma of the breast
78
Cancer of the ovary?
Ovarian carcinoma
79
Endometrial carcinoma features?
Cancer of endometrium of uterus Overweight Polycystic ovarian syndrome Vaginal bleeding
80
What is the main cause of cercival carcinoma?
Long lasting infection of human papillomavirus
81
What is PID?
Pelvic inflammatory disease is infection of female reproductive organs when sexually transmitted bacteria infects the organs.
82
Inflammation of cervix is called?
Cervicitisq
83
What is the non-infectious cause of cervicitis?
Allergy reaction to usage of contraceptive devices
84
What are the causative organisms of infectious cervicitis?
Chlamydia Gonorrhoea Mycoplasma genitalium HSV
85
What is vulvovaginitis?
Inflammation of vagina and vulva
86
What are the causes of vaginitis?
Bacterial vaginosis Vaginal yeast infection Trichomoniasis
87
What is bacterial vaginosis?
Excessive growth of bacteria causing an imbalance of naturally occurring bacteria in the vagina
88
What is vaginal thrush ?
It is candidal vulvovaginitis, excessive growth of yeast in the vagina
89
What is trichomoniasis?
Sexually transmitted infection caused by parasite trichomonas vaginalis
90
Benign tumors of myometrium?
Leimyomas/ uterine fibroids
91
What do you call fibroids that grow on muscle wall of uterus?
Myometrial fibroids
92
Placenta previa?
Implantation of placenta over cervical opening
93
Metabolic disorder when Ovary produces abnormal amount of androgen ?
PCOS
94
Lifestyle disorder when ovary produces many immature oocytes which later becomes cysts?
PCOD
95
RDS is due to what ?
Not enough surfactant for the fetus
96
Condition in which bilirubin levels are high and travel to the brain in fetuses ?
Kernicterus
97
Abnormal buildup of CSF in ventricles of brain ?
Hydrocephalus

ASAP (19 decks)

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