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ASAP > Female > Flashcards

Female Flashcards

1
Q

Organs involved in the female reproductive system ?

A

ovary, uterus, fallopian tubes, vagina, vulva

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2
Q

Female gametes are called what?

A

Ovum or oocyte

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3
Q

How many chromosome are in the ovum?

A

Haploid/ 23 chromosome

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4
Q

Main function of ovaries?

A

Ovum production
Female hormones secretion

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5
Q

What is ovulation ?

A

Graffian follicles in the ovaries rupture to release ovum. This is ovulation

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6
Q

What is corpus luteum?

A

Corpus luteum is what the ruptured graffian follicles become after ovulation. It is filled with blood and then fat like material.

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7
Q

What is salpinges?

A

Fallopian tubes

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8
Q

Ovum is caught by what part of the fallopian tube?

A

Fimbriae

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9
Q

What part of the fallopian tube helps the ovum reach the uterus ?

A

Cilia lining the inner surface of the fallopian tubes

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10
Q

What is the morphology of the uterus?

A

Inverted pear shaped hollow muscular organ.

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11
Q

Location of the uterus?

A

In the pelvic cavity between rectum and bladder.

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12
Q

Layers of the uterus?

A

Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium

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13
Q

Histology of the layers of uterus?

A

Perimetrium - serous layer
Myometrium- smooth Muscles
Endometrium - epithelial layer

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14
Q

Which layer of the uterus changes thickness according to the hormone levels ?

A

Endometrium

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15
Q

Function of vagina?

A

Muscular tube that connects uterus to the outside of the body allowing menstruation, intercourse and childbirth.

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16
Q

Which part is called introitus?

A

Vaginal opening

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17
Q

What is hymen?

A

Thin membrane that surrounds the opening to the vagina

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18
Q

What is vulva?

A

External genitalia of female reproductive system.

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19
Q

What are the parts of vulva?

A

Mons pubis
Labia majora
Labia minors
Clitoris
Bartholins gland

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20
Q

What is the function of bartholin’s gland?

A

Lubrication of vagina

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21
Q

What is analogous to penis in female reproductive system?

A

Clitoris

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22
Q

Diamond shaped region between vaginal orifice and anal opening is called?

A

Perineum

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23
Q

What is vaginal orifice?

A

Vaginal opening

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24
Q

Function of the perineum?

A

The perineal body at the middle of perineum is responsible for the integrity of the pelvic floor.

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25
Q

Labia majora histology?

A

Connective tissue

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26
Q

What is lactation?

A

Production of milk

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27
Q

Which hormone is responsible for milk production?

A

Prolactin by adenohypophysis

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28
Q

Which hormone is responsible for milk ejection?

A

Oxytocin by neurohypophysis

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29
Q

What happens to ovum is there is no fertilization?

A

Degenerates within 12-24 hours after ovulation

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30
Q

Beginning of menstruation is called?

A

Menarche

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31
Q

Cessation of menstruation is called?

A

Menopause

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32
Q

Normal duration of menstrual cycle?

A

21-35 days

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33
Q

What happens on the 14tj day of the menstrual cycle?

A

Ovulation

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34
Q

What is menstruation?

A

Discharge or blood and mucous tissue from the uterus through the vagina.

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35
Q

What is fertilization?

A

Fusion of ovum and sperem in the fallopian tube to form a zygote

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36
Q

What is gestation?

A

Development of zygote to an embryo to a fetus

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37
Q

What is the normal gestation period?

A

40 weeks

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38
Q

What is the pregnancy hormone ?

A

Progesterone - maintains pregnancy

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39
Q

What are the layers of the placenta?

A

Chorion
Amnion

40
Q

What are the different types of delivery?

A

Vaginal
Caesarian

41
Q

What are the stages of delivery?

A

Dilation
Expulsion
Placental delivery

42
Q

What happens in the first stage of delivery?

A

Shortening and opening of cervix

43
Q

What happens in the 2nd stage of delivery?

A

Descent and birth of baby.

44
Q

Hormones involved in the process of female reproduction are ?

A

LH, FSH, estrogen, progesterone

45
Q

Function of estrogen?

A

Responsible for development of female reproductive system and secondary sexual characteristics

46
Q

Function of FSH

A

Maturation of ovum- follicle stimulation

47
Q

Function of LH

A

Luteinizing hormone is responsible for ovulation.

48
Q

Function of progesterone

A

Stimulates endometrial glands and prepares uterus for implantation of zygote

49
Q

What happens to progesterone and estrogen in absence of fertilization?

A

Rapid decline in levels

50
Q

What is PMS?

A

Premenstrual syndrome
Set of unpleasant symptoms during menstrual cycle

51
Q

What is amenorrhea ?

A

Absent menstruation for more than 3 menstrual cycles

52
Q

Two types of amenorrhea?

A

Primary - absence of menstruation until puberty

Secondary - normal and regular menstruation becomes irregular, or absent due to other underlying conditions

53
Q

Dysmenorrhea

A

Severe and frequent menstrual cramps and pain on menstruation

54
Q

Menorrhagia?

A

Abnormal uterine bleeding with heavy and prolonged menstruation

55
Q

Polymenorrhea

A

Frequent menstruation

56
Q

Oligomenorrhea

A

Infrequent or light menstruation

57
Q

Meteorrhagia

A

Non-menstrual bleeding

58
Q

Postmenopausal bleeding

A

Bleeding occurs after more than 1 year of menopause

59
Q

Endometriosis?

A

Endometrial tissue growth outside uterus.

60
Q

What are functional cysts?

A

Cysts that affects normal functioning of the menstrual cycle.

61
Q

What are the two types of functional cyst?

A

Follicular cyst
Corpus luteum cyst

62
Q

What are follicular cysts ?

A

Follicular cysts is formed when the follicles does not rupture to release the ovum.

63
Q

What is corpus luteum cyst?

A

Corpus luteum cyst is formed when fluid accumulates inside the corpus luteum which grows into cyst

64
Q

What are not functional cysts?

A

Cysts that does not affect the normal functioning of menstrual cycle.

65
Q

What are the types of non functional cysts?

A

Dermoid cysts
Cystadenomas
Endometriomas

66
Q

What are teratomas?

A

Dermoid cysts which contain hair, skin, teeth and formed from embryonic cells

67
Q

What are cystadenomas?

A

Cysts filled with watery or mucous materials formed on the surface of the ovaries.

68
Q

What is another name for chocolate cysts?

A

Endometriomas

69
Q

What are endometriomas?

A

Cysts formed as a result of endometriosis

70
Q

Ectopic pregnancy ?

A

Implantation of zygote anywhere else other than uterus

71
Q

Most common site for ectopic pregnancy?

A

Fallopian tubes

72
Q

High blood pressure and proteinuria at 20 weeks of gestation is key feature of what complication?

A

Preeclampsia

73
Q

What is abruptio placentae?

A

Premature separation of placenta from the lining of the uterus.

74
Q

At what stage of delivery is abruptio placentae possible ?

A

Before completion of second stage of labor

75
Q

Cancer of pregnant uterus ?

A

Choriocarcinoma

76
Q

Cause of choriocarcinoma?

A

Miscarriage, abortion, ectopic pregnancy, molar pregnancy.

77
Q

Cancer of breast arising from milk glands or milk ducts ?

A

Adenocarcinoma of the breast

78
Q

Cancer of the ovary?

A

Ovarian carcinoma

79
Q

Endometrial carcinoma features?

A

Cancer of endometrium of uterus
Overweight
Polycystic ovarian syndrome
Vaginal bleeding

80
Q

What is the main cause of cercival carcinoma?

A

Long lasting infection of human papillomavirus

81
Q

What is PID?

A

Pelvic inflammatory disease is infection of female reproductive organs when sexually transmitted bacteria infects the organs.

82
Q

Inflammation of cervix is called?

A

Cervicitisq

83
Q

What is the non-infectious cause of cervicitis?

A

Allergy reaction to usage of contraceptive devices

84
Q

What are the causative organisms of infectious cervicitis?

A

Chlamydia
Gonorrhoea
Mycoplasma genitalium
HSV

85
Q

What is vulvovaginitis?

A

Inflammation of vagina and vulva

86
Q

What are the causes of vaginitis?

A

Bacterial vaginosis
Vaginal yeast infection
Trichomoniasis

87
Q

What is bacterial vaginosis?

A

Excessive growth of bacteria causing an imbalance of naturally occurring bacteria in the vagina

88
Q

What is vaginal thrush ?

A

It is candidal vulvovaginitis, excessive growth of yeast in the vagina

89
Q

What is trichomoniasis?

A

Sexually transmitted infection caused by parasite trichomonas vaginalis

90
Q

Benign tumors of myometrium?

A

Leimyomas/ uterine fibroids

91
Q

What do you call fibroids that grow on muscle wall of uterus?

A

Myometrial fibroids

92
Q

Placenta previa?

A

Implantation of placenta over cervical opening

93
Q

Metabolic disorder when Ovary produces abnormal amount of androgen ?

94
Q

Lifestyle disorder when ovary produces many immature oocytes which later becomes cysts?

95
Q

RDS is due to what ?

A

Not enough surfactant for the fetus

96
Q

Condition in which bilirubin levels are high and travel to the brain in fetuses ?

A

Kernicterus

97
Q

Abnormal buildup of CSF in ventricles of brain ?

A

Hydrocephalus

ASAP (19 decks)

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