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Medical Terminology > Urinary 13 > Flashcards

Urinary 13 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

kidney

A

one of the bean-shaped organs that remove wastes from the blood and help maintain fluid and electrolyte balance in the body

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2
Q

calyx

A

cup-like structure that drains into the renal pelvis

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3
Q

renal artery

A

one of two vessels that branch off the abdominal aorta and supply the kidney with blood; left renal artery and right renal artery

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4
Q

renal cortex

A

outer part of the kidney

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5
Q

renal medulla

A

inner part of the kidney

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6
Q

renal pelvis

A

a reservoir in each kidney that collects urine

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7
Q

renal vein

A

one of two blood vessels that drain the kidney and connect to the inferior vena cava; left renal vein and right renal vein

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8
Q

nephron

A

microscopic functional unit of kidney that forms urine; found in the cortex and medulla, it consists of a renal corpuscle and its associated tubule; each kidney contains about 1 million nephrons

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9
Q

renal corpuscle

A

structure composed of the glomerulus and the glomerular capsule

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10
Q

glomerulus

A

one of several capillary clusters at the entrance of each nephron that initiate the process of filtering of the blood

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11
Q

glomerular capsule; Bowman capsule

A

sac that surrounds the glomerulus (tuft of capillaries) and marks the beginning of the nephron

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12
Q

afferent arteriole

A

blood vessel that supplies the nephron

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13
Q

collecting duct

A

tubule that connects the nephrons to the renal pelvis

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14
Q

distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

A

segment of the nephron between the nephron loop and the collecting duct

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15
Q

efferent arteriole

A

blood vessel that forms from the convergence of the glomerular capillaries; takes blood to capillaries of proximal convoluted tubule

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16
Q

nephron loop

A

U-shaped segment of the nephron between the proximal convoluted tubule and the distal convoluted tubule

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17
Q

peritubular capillaries

A

tiny blood vessels alongside the nephrons where reabsorption and secretion between the blood and the nephron takes place

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18
Q

proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

A

segment of the nephron between the glomerular capsule and the nephron loop

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19
Q

ureter

A

one of two narrow tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder

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20
Q

urethra

A

tubular structure through which urine passes from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

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21
Q

urinary bladder

A

muscular organ that holds the urine until it is released

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22
Q

detrusor muscle

A

muscle that forms the urinary bladder

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23
Q

external urethral orifice

A

opening that carries urine from the urethra to the outside of the body; external urethral meatus (opening)

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24
Q

trigone of bladder

A

triangular region at the base of the urinary bladder between the openings of the two ureters and the urethra

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25
Q

urine

A

water, waste products, and other substances excreted by the kidneys

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26
Q

albumin/o

A

albumin

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27
Q

bacteri/o

A

bacteria

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28
Q

cyst/o

A

fluid-filled sac (urinary bladder)

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29
Q

enur/o

A

to urinate in

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30
Q

glomerul/o

A

glomerulus

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31
Q

glyc/o, glycos/o

A

glucose, sugar

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32
Q

hemat/o

A

blood

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33
Q

hydr/o

A

water, fluid

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34
Q

lith/o

A

stone, calculus

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35
Q

meat/o

A

meatus (opening)

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36
Q

nephr/o

A

kidney

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37
Q

noct/i

A

night

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38
Q

olig/o

A

scanty, few

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39
Q

py/o

A

pus

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40
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis

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41
Q

ren/o

A

kidney

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42
Q

son/o

A

sound, sound waves

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43
Q

ureter/o

A

ureter

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44
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

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45
Q

ur/o, urin/o

A

urine, urinary system/tract

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46
Q

vesicul/o, vesic/o

A

fluid-filled sac (urinary bladder)

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47
Q

dys-

A

painful, difficult, abnormal

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48
Q

gluco-

A

glucose (sugar)

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49
Q

poly-

A

many, much

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50
Q

ure-

A

urea, urine

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51
Q

-cele

A

herniation, protrusion

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52
Q

-emia

A

blood (condition of)

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53
Q

-iasis

A

condition of

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54
Q

-esis

A

condition of

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55
Q

-lith

A

stone, calculus

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56
Q

-lysis

A

destruction, breakdown, separation

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57
Q

-ptosis

A

prolapse, drooping, sagging

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58
Q

-scopy

A

viewing or examining with an instrument

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59
Q

-stenosis

A

stricture, narrowing

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60
Q

-stomy

A

surgical opening

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61
Q

-tripsy

A

crushing

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62
Q

-uria

A

urine, urination

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63
Q

cystic; vesical

A

pertaining to the urinary bladder

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64
Q

genitourinary (GU)

A

pertaining to the organs of reproduction and urination

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65
Q

meatal

A

pertaining to the meatus

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66
Q

micturate

A

to urinate

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67
Q

micturition

A

urination

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68
Q

nephric; renal

A

pertaining to the kidney

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69
Q

ureteral

A

pertaining to the ureter

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70
Q

urethral

A

pertaining to the urethra

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71
Q

urinary

A

pertaining to urine

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72
Q

urinate; void

A

to pass urine

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73
Q

albuminuria

A

presence of albumin (a blood protein) in the urine; usually a sign of disease

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74
Q

anuria

A

absence of urine formation; failure of the kidneys to produce urine

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75
Q

bacteriuria

A

bacteria in the urine

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76
Q

cystitis

A

inflammation of the bladder

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77
Q

cystocele

A

protrusion of the bladder

78
Q

cystolith

A

stone in the bladder

79
Q

diuresis

A

increased or excessive production of urine

80
Q

dysuria

A

difficulty urinating; painful urination

81
Q

end-stage renal disease (ESRD); renal failure

A

loss of kidney function; the final phase of chronic kidney disease

82
Q

enuresis

A

involuntary urination

83
Q

epispadias

A

congenital defect in which the urethral opening (orifice) is located on the upper surface of a nonerect penis

84
Q

glomerulonephritis

A

inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney

85
Q

glucosuria; glycosuria

A

glucose in the urine

86
Q

hematuria

A

blood in the urine

87
Q

hydronephrosis

A

dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces of one or both kidneys caused by obstruction of urine flow (urine builds up) usually due to a stone or stricture; literally “water inside the kidney”

88
Q

hydroureter

A

dilation or a ureter caused by obstruction of urine flow usually due to a stone or stricture; literally “water inside the ureter”

89
Q

hypospadias

A

congenital defect in which the urethral opening (orifice) is located on the underside of a nonerect penis

90
Q

nephritis

A

inflammation of the kidney

91
Q

nephrolith; renal calculus

A

kidney stone

92
Q

nephrolithiasis

A

presence of kidney stone

93
Q

nephromegaly

A

enlargement of the kidney

94
Q

nephroptosis

A

drooping of the kidney

95
Q

nocturia

A

excessive urination at night

96
Q

nocturnal enuresis

A

involuntary urination at night; bed-wetting

97
Q

oliguria

A

scanty amount of urine

98
Q

polycystic kidney disease

A

condition in which many cysts occur within and upon the kidneys, resulting in the loss of functional renal tissue

99
Q

polyuria

A

excessive and frequent urination

100
Q

proteinuria

A

protein in the urine

101
Q

pyelitis

A

inflammation of the renal pelvis

102
Q

pyelonephritis

A

inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney

103
Q

pyuria

A

pus in the urine

104
Q

renal failure

A

significant decline in kidney function resulting in uremia (excess urea in the blood); two forms are acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF)

105
Q

renal hypertension

A

elevated blood pressure resulting from kidney disease

106
Q

stress urinary incontinence (SUI)

A

involuntary urinating during coughing, straining, or sudden movements due to loss of sphincter strength

107
Q

stricture

A

narrowing of an organ

108
Q

uremia

A

excess blood level of urea and other nitrogenous wastes that are normally eliminated by the kidneys

109
Q

ureteritis

A

inflammation of the ureter

110
Q

ureterocele

A

protrusion of the ureter into the bladder forming a sac-like pouch

111
Q

ureterolith

A

stone in the ureter

112
Q

ureterostenosis

A

narrowing of the ureter

113
Q

urethral stenosis

A

narrowing of the urethra

114
Q

urethritis

A

inflammation of the urethra

115
Q

urinary retention

A

abnormal accumulation of urine in the bladder due to inability to empty the bladder

116
Q

urinary supression

A

stoppage or reduction of urine formation

117
Q

urinary tract infection (UTI)

A

infection in one or more organs of the urinary system

118
Q

urge incontinence

A

involuntary leakage of urine with a strong, sudden desire to urinate

119
Q

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

A

blood test that measures the amount of urea in the blood; used to evaluate kidney function

120
Q

creatinine clearance test

A

test done to measure the total amount of creatinine (product of protein metabolism) excreted in the urine, usually in a 24-hour period, to assess kidney function

121
Q

specific gravity (SG)

A

test to measure the concentration (density) of urine; used to evaluate the ability of the kidneys to concentrate or dilute urine

122
Q

urinalysis

A

series of tests done to analyze a sample of urine

123
Q

urinometer

A

instrument for measuring the specific gravity of urine

124
Q

cystogram

A

radiographic (x-ray) image of the bladder filled with contrast dye

125
Q

cystography

A

radiography of the bladder after injection of a radiopaque dye

126
Q

cystometrogram (CMG)

A

graphic recording of urinary bladder pressure at various volumes to evaluate bladder functions

127
Q

cystoscope

A

instrument for examining the bladder interior

128
Q

cystoscopy

A

examination of the bladder using a cystoscope

129
Q

intravenous pyelography (IVP); intravenous urography (IVU)

A

radiologic (x-ray or CT scan) examination of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder after intravenous injection of a contrast dye

130
Q

kidneys, ureters, and bladder (KUB) x-ray

A

radiograph (x-ray) of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder

131
Q

nephrogram

A

radiographic (x-ray) examination of the kidney after intravenous injection of a contrast dye

132
Q

nephrography

A

radiography (x-ray) of the kidney

133
Q

nephroscope

A

endoscope passed into the renal pelvis

134
Q

nephroscopy

A

examination of the kidney(s) using a nephroscope

135
Q

nephrosonography

A

examination of the kidneys using sound waves (ultrasound)

136
Q

nephrotomogram

A

computed tomographic (CT) examination of the kidneys after intravenous injection of contrast dye; used to visualize renal parenchymal (connective tissue framework) abnormalities

137
Q

renogram

A

assessment of kidney function by external radiation detectors after intravenous injection of a radioactive dye; note this is not an x-ray view

138
Q

retrograde pyelogram

A

radiologic study of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder after injection of a contrast dye into the ureters; retrograde means to move backward (opposite to normal flow)

139
Q

urethroscope

A

instrument used for examining the urethra

140
Q

urethroscopy

A

examination of the urethra using a urethroscope

141
Q

urodynamics

A

diagnostic study of urine storage, bladder pressure, and urine flow throughout the urinary tract

142
Q

voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)

A

radiologic study of the bladder and urethra during urination after filling the bladder with a contrast dye

143
Q

catheterization (cath)

A

procedure of inserting a tube through the urethra into the bladder to drain it of urine; a Foley catheter is an indwelling catheter with a retaining balloon to prevent it from slipping out

144
Q

cystectomy

A

surgical removal of the bladder

145
Q

cystolithotomy

A

incision into the bladder to remove a stone

146
Q

cystoplasty

A

repair of the bladder

147
Q

cystorrhaphy

A

suturing of the bladder

148
Q

cystostomy

A

creating a surgical opening into the bladder

149
Q

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)

A

breaking up of renal or ureteral calculi by focused ultrasound energy

150
Q

hemodialysis

A

removal of wastes from the blood by pumping the blood through a machine that works as an artificial kidney

151
Q

kidney transplant; renal transplant

A

operation in which a donor kidney is placed into a recipient

152
Q

lithotomy

A

incision made to remove a stone surgically

153
Q

lithotripsy

A

crushing of a stone

154
Q

meatotomy

A

incision into a meatus

155
Q

nephrectomy

A

surgical removal of a kidney

156
Q

nephrolithotomy

A

incision into a kidney to remove a stone

157
Q

nephrolysis

A

separation of the kidney from adhesions

158
Q

nephropexy

A

surgical fixation of a drooping kidney

159
Q

nephrotomy

A

incision into a kidney

160
Q

peritoneal dialysis

A

removal of wastes from the blood or impurities from the body by using the peritoneum of the abdominal cavity as a filter

161
Q

pylolithotomy

A

incision into the renal pelvis to remove a stone

162
Q

pyeloplasty

A

repair of a renal pelvis

163
Q

ureterectomy

A

excision of a ureter

164
Q

ureterostomy

A

creation of a surgical opening into a ureter

165
Q

ureterotomy

A

incision into a ureter

166
Q

urethroplasty

A

repair of the urethra

167
Q

urethrotomy

A

incision into the urethra

168
Q

vesicourethral suspension

A

surgical elevation and support of the bladder and urethra to control stress and urinary incontinence (SUI)

169
Q

antibacterial

A

drug used to destroy or prevent the growth of bacteria

170
Q

antibiotic

A

drug that kills or inhabits the growth of microorganisms

171
Q

diuretic

A

drug that increases the amount of urine secreted

172
Q

urinary analgesic

A

drug used to relieve pain within the urinary system

173
Q

nephrology

A

medical specialty focusing on the study and treatment of kidney conditions

174
Q

urology

A

medical specialty focusing on the study and treatment of conditions of the urinary system

175
Q

ARF

A

acute renal failure

176
Q

BUN

A

blood urea nitrogen

177
Q

cath

A

catheter; catheterize; catheterization

178
Q

CMG

A

cystometrogram

179
Q

CRF

A

chronic renal failure

180
Q

DCT

A

distal convoluted tubule

181
Q

ESRD

A

end-stage renal disease

182
Q

ESWL

A

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

183
Q

GU

A

genitourinary

184
Q

IVP

A

intravenous pyelogram; intravenous pyelography

185
Q

IVU

A

intravenous urogram; intravenous urography

186
Q

KUB

A

kidneys, ureters, and bladder (x-ray)

187
Q

PCT

A

proximal convoluted tubule

188
Q

SG

A

specific gravity

189
Q

SUI

A

stress urinary incontinence

190
Q

UA

A

urinalysis

191
Q

UTI

A

urinary tract infection

192
Q

VCUG

A

voiding cystourethrogram; voiding cystourethrography

Medical Terminology (17 decks)

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