Sensory 7 Flashcards
conjunctiva
mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and outer surface of the eyeball
orbit
bony cavity of the skull that encases the eye
lacrimal glands
glands that secrete tears
lacrimal ducts
channels that carry tears to the eyes
nasolacrimal ducts
ducts that carry tears from the lacrimal glands to the nose
tarsal glands
oil glands along the edges of the syslids that lubricate the eye
aqueous humor
watery fluid that fills the anterior chamber of the eye between the lens and the cornea
cornea
transparent outer covering of the anterior portion of the eye
iris
colored muscular part of the eye located behind (posterior to) the cornea that allows light to pass through
sclera
tough fibrous outer layer of the eye (the white of the eye) that extends from the cornea to the optic nerve
choroid
middle layer of the eye that contains blood vessels
lens
transparent structure behind (posterior to) the pupil that bends and focuses light rays
pupil
opening in the middle of the iris through which light passes
vitreous humor
jelly-like fluid that fills the posterior chamber of the eye between the lens and the retina
fundus
posterior portion of the interior of the eyeball, visible through the ophthalmoscope
optic nerve (CN I)
cranial nerve I that carries impulses from the retina to the brain to provide the sense of sight
retina
innermost layer of the eye that contains visual receptors (rods and cones)
blephar/o
eyelid
conjunctiv/o
conjunctiva
cor/e, cor/o
pupil (of the eye)
corne/o
cornea
cry/o
cold
dacry/o
tears, lacrimal (tear) duct
dipl/o
double, two
ir/o, irid/o
iris
kerat/o
cornea
lacrim/o
tears, lacrimal (tear) duct
ocul/o
eye
ophthalm/o
eye
opt/o
vision, eye
phot/o
light
presby/o
related to aging
pupill/o
pupil (of the eye)
retin/o
retina
scler/o
hard, sclera
ton/o
tension, pressure
bi-, bin-
two, twice
choroido-
the choroid
ictero-
jaundice (yellow)
-ectasia, -ectasis
dilation, stretching
-lysis
destruction, breakdown, separation
-malacia
softening
-meter
instrument for measuring
-metry
measurement of
-opia, -opsia
vision
-pexy
surgical fixation
-phobia
abnormal fear of, aversion to, sensitivity to
-plasty
surgical repair, reconstruction
-plegia
paralysis
-ptosis
prolapse, drooping, sagging
-rrhea
flow, discharge
-scopy
process of examining, examination
-spasm
involuntary movement
-trophia
to turn
accommodation
ability of the eye to adjust focus on near objects
binocular
pertaining to both eyes
blepharal
pertaining to the eyelid
conjunctival
pertaining to the conjunctiva
corneal
pertaining to the cornea
intraocular
within or inside the eye
iridal, iridial
pertaining to the iris
lacrimal
pertaining to tears
ocular
pertaining to the eye
ophthalmic
pertaining to the eye
optic
pertaining to vision
pupillary
pertaining to the pupil
retinal
pertaining to the retina
scleral
pertaining to the sclera
amblyopia
poor vision, usually in only one eye, caused by abnormal development of the visual areas; lazy eye
astigmatism
distorted, blurry vision caused by abnormal curvature of the cornea and/or lens
blepharitis
inflammation of the eyelid
blepharoptosis
drooping of the eyelids
blepharospasm
contraction of the muscles surrounding the eye, causing uncontrolled blinking
cataract
clouding of the lens of the eye, causing poor vision
chalazion
inflammation of the eyelid from a blocked tarsal gland
color blindness
deficiency in distinguishing some colors
conjunctivitis
highly contagious inflammation of the conjunctive; pinkeye
dacryoadenitis
inflammation of a lacrimal gland
dacryocystitis
inflammation of the lacrimal sac
dacryolith
stone in the lacrimal sac or lacrimal ducts
dacryorrhea
excessive discharge of tears
detached retina
separation of the retina from the choroid in the back of the eye
diabetic retinopathy
degenerative changes of the retina caused by diabetes mellitus
diplopia
double vision
exophthalmos
abnormal protrusion of one or both eyeballs
glaucoma
group of diseases of the eye characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the optic nerve
hordeolum
infection of an oil gland of the eyelid
hyperopia
farsightedness
iridomalacia
softening of the iris
iridoplegia
paralysis of the iris
iritis
inflammation of the iris
keratitis
inflammation of the cornea
keratomalacia
softening of the cornea, usually associated with severe vitamin A deficiency
macular degeneration
deterioration of the macula (the central part of the retina), causing impaired central vision
myopia
nearsightedness
nyctalopia
poor vision in reduced light or at night
nystagmus
involuntary rhythmic movements of the eye
ophthalmalgia
pain in the eye
ophthalmia
condition of the eye characterized by severe conjunctivitis
ophthalmopathy
any disease of the eyes
ophthalmoplegia
paralysis of the eye muscle
photophobia
extreme sensitivity to light
presbyopia
impaired vision caused by old age
pterygium
growth of conjunctival tissue over the cornea
retinal tear
small retinal detachment that allows vitreous fluid to seep under the retina
retinitis pigmentosa
hereditary progressive deterioration of the retina causing nyctalopia and impaired vision
retinopathy
any disease of the retina
scleritis
inflammation of the sclera
scleromalacia
softening or thinning of the sclera
strabismus
abnormal alignment of the eyes caused by intraocular muscle imbalance
xerophthalmia
excessive dryness of the conjunctiva and cornea, usually associated with vitamin A deficiency
extraocular movement (EOM)
movement of the upper eyelids and eyeballs through use of the extraocular muscles; assessed during clinical examination to screen for eye movement disorders
fluorescein angiography
visualization and photographic recording of the flow of an orange fluorescent dye through the blood vessels of the eye
keratometer
instrument used for measuring the curvature of the cornea
ophthalmoscope
instrument used for examining the interior of the eye through the pupil
ophthalmoscopy
use of the ophthalmoscope to view the interior of the eye
pupillometer
instrument used for measuring the diameter of the pupil
pupillometry
measurement of the pupil
refraction
test using a manual refractor to determine an exact prescription for corrective lenses
retinoscopy
examination of the retina
Snellen chart
chart containing letters that is used to test visual sharpness
tonometer
instrument used for measuring pressure within the eye
tonometry
use of the tonometer to measure intraocular pressure within the eye
visual acuity (VA) testing
testing for the sharpness (clarity) of distant vision, usually with a Snellen chart
visual field (VF) testing
assessment of the range (area) visible to one eye without movement
blepharoplasty
surgical repair of the eyelid
cataract extraction
surgical removal of a cataract
cryoretinopexy
surgical fixation of a detached retina or retinal tear by using extreme cold (freezing) to seal the tear
dacryocystotomy
incision into the lacrimal sac
enucleation
removal of an eyeball
intraocular lens (IOL) implant
implantation of an artificial lens to replace a defective natural lens
iridectomy
excision of part of the iris
iridotomy
incision into the iris, usually with a laser, to allow drainage of aqueous humor in therapy for narrow-angle glaucoma
keratoplasty
surgical repair of the cornea
laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK)
procedure that uses a laser to create a cornea flap and reshape the corneal tissue
phacoemulsification
use of ultrasound to shatter and break up a cataract followed by aspiration and removal
photorefractive keratectomy (PRK)
procedure using a laser to reshape the cornea to correct vision
retinal photocoagulation
repair of a retinal detachment or tear by using a laser beam to coagulate the tissues to allow a seal to form
scleral buckling
repair of a retinal detachment by attaching a band (buckle) around the sclera to keep the retina from pulling away
sclerotomy
incision into the sclera
trabeculectomy
surgical procedure to create a drain to reduce pressure within the eye
vitrectomy
removal of all or part of the vitreous humor
corticosteroid
drug that reduces inflammation; used to treat swelling and itching of the eye
hypotonic
drug used to relieve dry irritated eyes
miotic
drug used to constrict the pupil
mydriatic
drug used to dilate the pupil
prostaglandin
drug that relaxes muscles in the eye’s interior to allow better outflow of fluids
optician
one who fills prescription for corrective lenses
optometry
medical speciality concerned with examination of the eyes and related structures to determine vision problems and eye disorders and prescribe corrective treatment or lenses
ophthalmology
medical speciality concerned with the study of the eye, its diseases, and refractive errors
EOM
extraocular movement
IOL
intraocular lens
IOP
intraocular pressure
LASIK
laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis
OD
right eye
OS
left eye
OU
each eye
PRK
photorefractive keratectomy
VA
visual acuity
VF
visual field
auricle
external portion of the ear that directs sound waves
external auditory canal
passage leading inward from the auricle to the tympanic membrane
cerumen
waxy substance produced by glands of the external auditory canal; earwax
tympanic membrane (TM)
eardrum; a semitransparent membrane that vibrates to transmit sound waves to the ossicles
mastoid cells
numerous small interconnecting cavities in the mastoid process of the temporal bone
auditory tube
canal that connects the middle ear to the pharynx (throat)
auditory ossicles
three small bones (malleus, incus, stapes) of the middle ear that transmit sound waves
malleus
largest auditory ossicle; shaped like a hammer
incus
middle auditory ossicle; shaped like an anvil
stapes
smallest auditory ossicle; shaped like a stirrup
labyrinth
inner ear; made up of a series of semicircular ducts (canals), the vestibule, and the cochlea
cochlea
a snail-shaped organ that contains the organ of hearing
spiral organ
receptor for hearing located within the cochlea
vestibule
anatomic chamber such as that found in the inner ear
semicircular canals
three bony tubes in the labyrinth that contain receptors that assist in maintaining balance
semicircular ducts
three small membranous tubes of the vestibular labyrinth within the bony semicircular canals
vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
sensory cranial nerve within the labyrinth that consists of two branches, the vestibular nerve (for balance), and the cochlear nerve (for hearing)
acous/o
hearing, sound
audi/o
hearing
aur/i, aur/o
ear
cochle/o
cochlea
labyrinth/o
labyrinth, inner ear
mastoid/o
mastoid cells, mastoid process
myring/o
tympanic membrane, eardrum
ot/o
ear
scler/o
hard, sclera
staped/o
stapes
tympan/o
tympanic membrane, eardrum
vestibul/o
vestibule
dys-
painful, difficult, abnormal
meato-
passage, external opening of a canal
-acousis, -acusis
hearing
-algia
pain
-ectomy
excision, surgical removal
-stomy
surgical opening
acoustic
pertaining to hearing or sound
auditory
pertaining to hearing
aural
pertaining to the ear
cochlear
pertaining to the cochlea
labyrinthine
pertaining to the labyrinth or inner ear
mastoid
pertaining to mastoid cells
otic
pertaining to the ear
tympanic
pertaining to the tympanic membrane or tympanic cavity
vestibular
pertaining to a vestibule
acoustic neuroma
a benign but life-threatening tumor that develops on the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
cerumen impaction
excessive buildup of earwax
cholesteatoma
cyst-like tumor of skin in the middle ear behind the tympanic membrane that grows into the bone
conductive hearing loss
hearing loss due to a lesion in the external auditory canal or middle ear
dysacusis
any hearing impairment involving difficulty in the processing of sound
labyrinthitis
inflammation of the inner ear
mastoiditis
inflammation of the air cell system of the mastoid process
meniere disease
chronic disorder of the inner ear caused by fluid accumulation in the labyrinth and characterized by dizziness, tinnitus, hearing loss, and a sensation of pressure
myringitis
inflammation of the tympanic membrane
otalgia
pain in the ear
otitis externa (OE)
inflammation of the external auditory canal
otitis media (OM)
inflammation of the middle ear
otomycosis
fungal infection in the ear
otopyorrhea
discharge of pus from the ear
otorrhea
discharge from the ear
otosclerosis
hardening of the ossicles, particularly the stapes
presbycusis
impaired hearing caused by old age
sensorineural hearing loss
hearing loss caused by damage to the inner ear or the cochlear branch of cranial nerve VIII
tinnitus
noises in the ear, such as ringing, buzzing, or humming
tympanic membrane perforation
a hole in or rupture of the eardrum
vertigo
a spinning sensation; dizziness
audiogram
record of hearing
audiometer
instrument for measuring hearing
audiometry
measurement of hearing
decibel (dB)
unit for expressing the intensity of sound
electronystagmography (ENG)
recording of eye movements in response to electrical impulses to diagnose balance problems
hertz (Hz)
unit of measure of frequency or pitch of sound
otoscope
instrument for examining the ear
otoscopy
use of an otoscope to examine the external auditory canal and tympanic membrane
tympanogram
record of middle ear function (presented in graph form)
tympanometer
instrument for measuring middle ear function
tympanometry
measurement of middle ear function
cochlear implant
an electronic device implanted in the cochlea to stimulate the cochlear (auditory) nerve and provide hearing sensations for the profoundly deaf
ear lavage
irrigation of the ear to remove cerumen (wax) buildup
labyrinthectomy
excision of part of the labyrinth
mastoidectomy
excision or part of the mastoid process of the temporal bone and middle ear to drain or remove lesions
mastoidotomy
incision into the mastoid process of the temporal bone
myringotomy; tympanostomy
surgical incision (opening) into the tympanic membrane to drain fluid from the middle ear (usually done with subsequent tympanostomy tube placement)
otoplasty
surgical repair of the external ear
stapedectomy
removal of the stapes and replacement with a prosthesis
tympanoplasty
surgical repair of the tympanic membrane and middle ear
tympanostomy tube placement
placement of a small tube through the tympanic membrane to relieve symptoms caused by fluid buildup
antibiotic
drug that acts against microorganisms
ceruminolytic
a substance instilled into the external auditory canal to soften earwax
otic
any medication that can be instilled drop by drop into the ear
audiology
medical speciality concerned with the study and treatment of hearing disorders and fitting of hearing aids
otology
medical speciality concerned with the study of the ears and treatment of ear disease
otorhinolaryngology
medical speciality concerned with diseases of the ear, nose, and throat (pharynx and larynx)
AD
right ear (audis dexter)
AS
left ear (auris sinister)
AU
each ear, both ears (auris utraque)
dB
decibel
EENT
eyes, ears, nose, and throat
ENG
electronystagmography
ENT
ears, nose, and throat
HEENT
head, eyes, ears, nose, and throat
Hz
hertz
OE
otitis externa
OM
otitis media
TM
tympanic membrane