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Medical Terminology > Sensory 7 > Flashcards

Sensory 7 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

conjunctiva

A

mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and outer surface of the eyeball

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2
Q

orbit

A

bony cavity of the skull that encases the eye

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3
Q

lacrimal glands

A

glands that secrete tears

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4
Q

lacrimal ducts

A

channels that carry tears to the eyes

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5
Q

nasolacrimal ducts

A

ducts that carry tears from the lacrimal glands to the nose

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6
Q

tarsal glands

A

oil glands along the edges of the syslids that lubricate the eye

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7
Q

aqueous humor

A

watery fluid that fills the anterior chamber of the eye between the lens and the cornea

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8
Q

cornea

A

transparent outer covering of the anterior portion of the eye

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9
Q

iris

A

colored muscular part of the eye located behind (posterior to) the cornea that allows light to pass through

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10
Q

sclera

A

tough fibrous outer layer of the eye (the white of the eye) that extends from the cornea to the optic nerve

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11
Q

choroid

A

middle layer of the eye that contains blood vessels

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12
Q

lens

A

transparent structure behind (posterior to) the pupil that bends and focuses light rays

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13
Q

pupil

A

opening in the middle of the iris through which light passes

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14
Q

vitreous humor

A

jelly-like fluid that fills the posterior chamber of the eye between the lens and the retina

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15
Q

fundus

A

posterior portion of the interior of the eyeball, visible through the ophthalmoscope

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16
Q

optic nerve (CN I)

A

cranial nerve I that carries impulses from the retina to the brain to provide the sense of sight

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17
Q

retina

A

innermost layer of the eye that contains visual receptors (rods and cones)

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18
Q

blephar/o

A

eyelid

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19
Q

conjunctiv/o

A

conjunctiva

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20
Q

cor/e, cor/o

A

pupil (of the eye)

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21
Q

corne/o

A

cornea

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22
Q

cry/o

A

cold

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23
Q

dacry/o

A

tears, lacrimal (tear) duct

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24
Q

dipl/o

A

double, two

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25
Q

ir/o, irid/o

A

iris

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26
Q

kerat/o

A

cornea

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27
Q

lacrim/o

A

tears, lacrimal (tear) duct

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28
Q

ocul/o

A

eye

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29
Q

ophthalm/o

A

eye

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30
Q

opt/o

A

vision, eye

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31
Q

phot/o

A

light

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32
Q

presby/o

A

related to aging

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33
Q

pupill/o

A

pupil (of the eye)

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34
Q

retin/o

A

retina

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35
Q

scler/o

A

hard, sclera

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36
Q

ton/o

A

tension, pressure

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37
Q

bi-, bin-

A

two, twice

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38
Q

choroido-

A

the choroid

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39
Q

ictero-

A

jaundice (yellow)

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40
Q

-ectasia, -ectasis

A

dilation, stretching

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41
Q

-lysis

A

destruction, breakdown, separation

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42
Q

-malacia

A

softening

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43
Q

-meter

A

instrument for measuring

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44
Q

-metry

A

measurement of

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45
Q

-opia, -opsia

A

vision

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46
Q

-pexy

A

surgical fixation

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47
Q

-phobia

A

abnormal fear of, aversion to, sensitivity to

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48
Q

-plasty

A

surgical repair, reconstruction

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49
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis

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50
Q

-ptosis

A

prolapse, drooping, sagging

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51
Q

-rrhea

A

flow, discharge

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52
Q

-scopy

A

process of examining, examination

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53
Q

-spasm

A

involuntary movement

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54
Q

-trophia

A

to turn

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55
Q

accommodation

A

ability of the eye to adjust focus on near objects

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56
Q

binocular

A

pertaining to both eyes

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57
Q

blepharal

A

pertaining to the eyelid

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58
Q

conjunctival

A

pertaining to the conjunctiva

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59
Q

corneal

A

pertaining to the cornea

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60
Q

intraocular

A

within or inside the eye

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61
Q

iridal, iridial

A

pertaining to the iris

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62
Q

lacrimal

A

pertaining to tears

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63
Q

ocular

A

pertaining to the eye

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64
Q

ophthalmic

A

pertaining to the eye

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65
Q

optic

A

pertaining to vision

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66
Q

pupillary

A

pertaining to the pupil

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67
Q

retinal

A

pertaining to the retina

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68
Q

scleral

A

pertaining to the sclera

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69
Q

amblyopia

A

poor vision, usually in only one eye, caused by abnormal development of the visual areas; lazy eye

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70
Q

astigmatism

A

distorted, blurry vision caused by abnormal curvature of the cornea and/or lens

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71
Q

blepharitis

A

inflammation of the eyelid

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72
Q

blepharoptosis

A

drooping of the eyelids

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73
Q

blepharospasm

A

contraction of the muscles surrounding the eye, causing uncontrolled blinking

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74
Q

cataract

A

clouding of the lens of the eye, causing poor vision

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75
Q

chalazion

A

inflammation of the eyelid from a blocked tarsal gland

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76
Q

color blindness

A

deficiency in distinguishing some colors

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77
Q

conjunctivitis

A

highly contagious inflammation of the conjunctive; pinkeye

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78
Q

dacryoadenitis

A

inflammation of a lacrimal gland

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79
Q

dacryocystitis

A

inflammation of the lacrimal sac

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80
Q

dacryolith

A

stone in the lacrimal sac or lacrimal ducts

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81
Q

dacryorrhea

A

excessive discharge of tears

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82
Q

detached retina

A

separation of the retina from the choroid in the back of the eye

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83
Q

diabetic retinopathy

A

degenerative changes of the retina caused by diabetes mellitus

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84
Q

diplopia

A

double vision

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85
Q

exophthalmos

A

abnormal protrusion of one or both eyeballs

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86
Q

glaucoma

A

group of diseases of the eye characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the optic nerve

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87
Q

hordeolum

A

infection of an oil gland of the eyelid

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88
Q

hyperopia

A

farsightedness

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89
Q

iridomalacia

A

softening of the iris

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90
Q

iridoplegia

A

paralysis of the iris

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91
Q

iritis

A

inflammation of the iris

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92
Q

keratitis

A

inflammation of the cornea

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93
Q

keratomalacia

A

softening of the cornea, usually associated with severe vitamin A deficiency

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94
Q

macular degeneration

A

deterioration of the macula (the central part of the retina), causing impaired central vision

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95
Q

myopia

A

nearsightedness

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96
Q

nyctalopia

A

poor vision in reduced light or at night

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97
Q

nystagmus

A

involuntary rhythmic movements of the eye

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98
Q

ophthalmalgia

A

pain in the eye

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99
Q

ophthalmia

A

condition of the eye characterized by severe conjunctivitis

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100
Q

ophthalmopathy

A

any disease of the eyes

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101
Q

ophthalmoplegia

A

paralysis of the eye muscle

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102
Q

photophobia

A

extreme sensitivity to light

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103
Q

presbyopia

A

impaired vision caused by old age

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104
Q

pterygium

A

growth of conjunctival tissue over the cornea

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105
Q

retinal tear

A

small retinal detachment that allows vitreous fluid to seep under the retina

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106
Q

retinitis pigmentosa

A

hereditary progressive deterioration of the retina causing nyctalopia and impaired vision

107
Q

retinopathy

A

any disease of the retina

108
Q

scleritis

A

inflammation of the sclera

109
Q

scleromalacia

A

softening or thinning of the sclera

110
Q

strabismus

A

abnormal alignment of the eyes caused by intraocular muscle imbalance

111
Q

xerophthalmia

A

excessive dryness of the conjunctiva and cornea, usually associated with vitamin A deficiency

112
Q

extraocular movement (EOM)

A

movement of the upper eyelids and eyeballs through use of the extraocular muscles; assessed during clinical examination to screen for eye movement disorders

113
Q

fluorescein angiography

A

visualization and photographic recording of the flow of an orange fluorescent dye through the blood vessels of the eye

114
Q

keratometer

A

instrument used for measuring the curvature of the cornea

115
Q

ophthalmoscope

A

instrument used for examining the interior of the eye through the pupil

116
Q

ophthalmoscopy

A

use of the ophthalmoscope to view the interior of the eye

117
Q

pupillometer

A

instrument used for measuring the diameter of the pupil

118
Q

pupillometry

A

measurement of the pupil

119
Q

refraction

A

test using a manual refractor to determine an exact prescription for corrective lenses

120
Q

retinoscopy

A

examination of the retina

121
Q

Snellen chart

A

chart containing letters that is used to test visual sharpness

122
Q

tonometer

A

instrument used for measuring pressure within the eye

123
Q

tonometry

A

use of the tonometer to measure intraocular pressure within the eye

124
Q

visual acuity (VA) testing

A

testing for the sharpness (clarity) of distant vision, usually with a Snellen chart

125
Q

visual field (VF) testing

A

assessment of the range (area) visible to one eye without movement

126
Q

blepharoplasty

A

surgical repair of the eyelid

127
Q

cataract extraction

A

surgical removal of a cataract

128
Q

cryoretinopexy

A

surgical fixation of a detached retina or retinal tear by using extreme cold (freezing) to seal the tear

129
Q

dacryocystotomy

A

incision into the lacrimal sac

130
Q

enucleation

A

removal of an eyeball

131
Q

intraocular lens (IOL) implant

A

implantation of an artificial lens to replace a defective natural lens

132
Q

iridectomy

A

excision of part of the iris

133
Q

iridotomy

A

incision into the iris, usually with a laser, to allow drainage of aqueous humor in therapy for narrow-angle glaucoma

134
Q

keratoplasty

A

surgical repair of the cornea

135
Q

laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK)

A

procedure that uses a laser to create a cornea flap and reshape the corneal tissue

136
Q

phacoemulsification

A

use of ultrasound to shatter and break up a cataract followed by aspiration and removal

137
Q

photorefractive keratectomy (PRK)

A

procedure using a laser to reshape the cornea to correct vision

138
Q

retinal photocoagulation

A

repair of a retinal detachment or tear by using a laser beam to coagulate the tissues to allow a seal to form

139
Q

scleral buckling

A

repair of a retinal detachment by attaching a band (buckle) around the sclera to keep the retina from pulling away

140
Q

sclerotomy

A

incision into the sclera

141
Q

trabeculectomy

A

surgical procedure to create a drain to reduce pressure within the eye

142
Q

vitrectomy

A

removal of all or part of the vitreous humor

143
Q

corticosteroid

A

drug that reduces inflammation; used to treat swelling and itching of the eye

144
Q

hypotonic

A

drug used to relieve dry irritated eyes

145
Q

miotic

A

drug used to constrict the pupil

146
Q

mydriatic

A

drug used to dilate the pupil

147
Q

prostaglandin

A

drug that relaxes muscles in the eye’s interior to allow better outflow of fluids

148
Q

optician

A

one who fills prescription for corrective lenses

149
Q

optometry

A

medical speciality concerned with examination of the eyes and related structures to determine vision problems and eye disorders and prescribe corrective treatment or lenses

150
Q

ophthalmology

A

medical speciality concerned with the study of the eye, its diseases, and refractive errors

151
Q

EOM

A

extraocular movement

152
Q

IOL

A

intraocular lens

153
Q

IOP

A

intraocular pressure

154
Q

LASIK

A

laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis

155
Q

OD

A

right eye

156
Q

OS

A

left eye

157
Q

OU

A

each eye

158
Q

PRK

A

photorefractive keratectomy

159
Q

VA

A

visual acuity

160
Q

VF

A

visual field

161
Q

auricle

A

external portion of the ear that directs sound waves

162
Q

external auditory canal

A

passage leading inward from the auricle to the tympanic membrane

163
Q

cerumen

A

waxy substance produced by glands of the external auditory canal; earwax

164
Q

tympanic membrane (TM)

A

eardrum; a semitransparent membrane that vibrates to transmit sound waves to the ossicles

165
Q

mastoid cells

A

numerous small interconnecting cavities in the mastoid process of the temporal bone

166
Q

auditory tube

A

canal that connects the middle ear to the pharynx (throat)

167
Q

auditory ossicles

A

three small bones (malleus, incus, stapes) of the middle ear that transmit sound waves

168
Q

malleus

A

largest auditory ossicle; shaped like a hammer

169
Q

incus

A

middle auditory ossicle; shaped like an anvil

170
Q

stapes

A

smallest auditory ossicle; shaped like a stirrup

171
Q

labyrinth

A

inner ear; made up of a series of semicircular ducts (canals), the vestibule, and the cochlea

172
Q

cochlea

A

a snail-shaped organ that contains the organ of hearing

173
Q

spiral organ

A

receptor for hearing located within the cochlea

174
Q

vestibule

A

anatomic chamber such as that found in the inner ear

175
Q

semicircular canals

A

three bony tubes in the labyrinth that contain receptors that assist in maintaining balance

176
Q

semicircular ducts

A

three small membranous tubes of the vestibular labyrinth within the bony semicircular canals

177
Q

vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)

A

sensory cranial nerve within the labyrinth that consists of two branches, the vestibular nerve (for balance), and the cochlear nerve (for hearing)

178
Q

acous/o

A

hearing, sound

179
Q

audi/o

A

hearing

180
Q

aur/i, aur/o

A

ear

181
Q

cochle/o

A

cochlea

182
Q

labyrinth/o

A

labyrinth, inner ear

183
Q

mastoid/o

A

mastoid cells, mastoid process

184
Q

myring/o

A

tympanic membrane, eardrum

185
Q

ot/o

A

ear

186
Q

scler/o

A

hard, sclera

187
Q

staped/o

A

stapes

188
Q

tympan/o

A

tympanic membrane, eardrum

189
Q

vestibul/o

A

vestibule

190
Q

dys-

A

painful, difficult, abnormal

191
Q

meato-

A

passage, external opening of a canal

192
Q

-acousis, -acusis

A

hearing

193
Q

-algia

A

pain

194
Q

-ectomy

A

excision, surgical removal

195
Q

-stomy

A

surgical opening

196
Q

acoustic

A

pertaining to hearing or sound

197
Q

auditory

A

pertaining to hearing

198
Q

aural

A

pertaining to the ear

199
Q

cochlear

A

pertaining to the cochlea

200
Q

labyrinthine

A

pertaining to the labyrinth or inner ear

201
Q

mastoid

A

pertaining to mastoid cells

202
Q

otic

A

pertaining to the ear

203
Q

tympanic

A

pertaining to the tympanic membrane or tympanic cavity

204
Q

vestibular

A

pertaining to a vestibule

205
Q

acoustic neuroma

A

a benign but life-threatening tumor that develops on the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)

206
Q

cerumen impaction

A

excessive buildup of earwax

207
Q

cholesteatoma

A

cyst-like tumor of skin in the middle ear behind the tympanic membrane that grows into the bone

208
Q

conductive hearing loss

A

hearing loss due to a lesion in the external auditory canal or middle ear

209
Q

dysacusis

A

any hearing impairment involving difficulty in the processing of sound

210
Q

labyrinthitis

A

inflammation of the inner ear

211
Q

mastoiditis

A

inflammation of the air cell system of the mastoid process

212
Q

meniere disease

A

chronic disorder of the inner ear caused by fluid accumulation in the labyrinth and characterized by dizziness, tinnitus, hearing loss, and a sensation of pressure

213
Q

myringitis

A

inflammation of the tympanic membrane

214
Q

otalgia

A

pain in the ear

215
Q

otitis externa (OE)

A

inflammation of the external auditory canal

216
Q

otitis media (OM)

A

inflammation of the middle ear

217
Q

otomycosis

A

fungal infection in the ear

218
Q

otopyorrhea

A

discharge of pus from the ear

219
Q

otorrhea

A

discharge from the ear

220
Q

otosclerosis

A

hardening of the ossicles, particularly the stapes

221
Q

presbycusis

A

impaired hearing caused by old age

222
Q

sensorineural hearing loss

A

hearing loss caused by damage to the inner ear or the cochlear branch of cranial nerve VIII

223
Q

tinnitus

A

noises in the ear, such as ringing, buzzing, or humming

224
Q

tympanic membrane perforation

A

a hole in or rupture of the eardrum

225
Q

vertigo

A

a spinning sensation; dizziness

226
Q

audiogram

A

record of hearing

227
Q

audiometer

A

instrument for measuring hearing

228
Q

audiometry

A

measurement of hearing

229
Q

decibel (dB)

A

unit for expressing the intensity of sound

230
Q

electronystagmography (ENG)

A

recording of eye movements in response to electrical impulses to diagnose balance problems

231
Q

hertz (Hz)

A

unit of measure of frequency or pitch of sound

232
Q

otoscope

A

instrument for examining the ear

233
Q

otoscopy

A

use of an otoscope to examine the external auditory canal and tympanic membrane

234
Q

tympanogram

A

record of middle ear function (presented in graph form)

235
Q

tympanometer

A

instrument for measuring middle ear function

236
Q

tympanometry

A

measurement of middle ear function

237
Q

cochlear implant

A

an electronic device implanted in the cochlea to stimulate the cochlear (auditory) nerve and provide hearing sensations for the profoundly deaf

238
Q

ear lavage

A

irrigation of the ear to remove cerumen (wax) buildup

239
Q

labyrinthectomy

A

excision of part of the labyrinth

240
Q

mastoidectomy

A

excision or part of the mastoid process of the temporal bone and middle ear to drain or remove lesions

241
Q

mastoidotomy

A

incision into the mastoid process of the temporal bone

242
Q

myringotomy; tympanostomy

A

surgical incision (opening) into the tympanic membrane to drain fluid from the middle ear (usually done with subsequent tympanostomy tube placement)

243
Q

otoplasty

A

surgical repair of the external ear

244
Q

stapedectomy

A

removal of the stapes and replacement with a prosthesis

245
Q

tympanoplasty

A

surgical repair of the tympanic membrane and middle ear

246
Q

tympanostomy tube placement

A

placement of a small tube through the tympanic membrane to relieve symptoms caused by fluid buildup

247
Q

antibiotic

A

drug that acts against microorganisms

248
Q

ceruminolytic

A

a substance instilled into the external auditory canal to soften earwax

249
Q

otic

A

any medication that can be instilled drop by drop into the ear

250
Q

audiology

A

medical speciality concerned with the study and treatment of hearing disorders and fitting of hearing aids

251
Q

otology

A

medical speciality concerned with the study of the ears and treatment of ear disease

252
Q

otorhinolaryngology

A

medical speciality concerned with diseases of the ear, nose, and throat (pharynx and larynx)

253
Q

AD

A

right ear (audis dexter)

254
Q

AS

A

left ear (auris sinister)

255
Q

AU

A

each ear, both ears (auris utraque)

256
Q

dB

A

decibel

257
Q

EENT

A

eyes, ears, nose, and throat

258
Q

ENG

A

electronystagmography

259
Q

ENT

A

ears, nose, and throat

260
Q

HEENT

A

head, eyes, ears, nose, and throat

261
Q

Hz

A

hertz

262
Q

OE

A

otitis externa

263
Q

OM

A

otitis media

264
Q

TM

A

tympanic membrane

Medical Terminology (17 decks)

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