Urinary Flashcards
Label the fascia linging the kidney
From which embryological structure does the definitive kidney develop?
Intermediate mesoderm
What does the ureter develop from?
Ureteric bud: (an outgrowth from the mesonephric duct). The stalk of the ureteric bud becomes the ureter, and the expanded cranial end becomes the uretic pelvis.
Label this diagram
Label the kidney
Label the internal structures of the kidney
Function of the renal papilla
All urine from the collecting tubules drain here into the minor calyces
At what vertebral level are the paired renal arteries given off from the abdominal aorta?
L1 & L2
Describe the course of the left vs right renl vein and artery
left renal vein - travels anterior to the aorta and is relatively long
Right renal vein - travels directly to the kidney and is relatively short.
Right renal artery - travels posterior to the inferior vena cava and is relatively long
Left renal artery - travels directly to the kidney and is relatively short.
What crosses the ureter superiorly in a male/female
Male- Ductus deferens
Female- uterine artery
Label this vessel
Ductus (vas) deferens
Name these three locations and their clinical significance
- Uretopelvic junction
- Uretral crossing of the iliac vessels
- Ureterivesical junction
These are the three constrictions in the ureters where calculi (stones) may lodge
Label the bladder
What are the two pouches found in female pelvic cavity
- between the bladder & uterus = vesical uterine pouch
- between the rectum & uterus = rectouterine pouch
males have rectovesical pouch only
Which part of the bladder do the ureters enter?
The posterior bladder aspect in the trigone. (Through ureteric orifices)
Which of the 4 tissue types makes up the walls of the urinary bladder?
Walls of the bladder = smooth muscle, known as detrusor muscle
The urinary bladder is made of connective tissue- transitional epithelium
What vertebral level do the renal arteries arise?
Between L1 and L2 vertebrae
Label this female pelvis
Describe renal hilum from anterior to posterior
VAP
renal Vein, Artery and Pelvis
What is the arterial supply and venous drainage of the urinary bladder
Branches of the internal iliac artery and vein
Type of muslce covering the wall of the bladder
Detrusor muscle
except for the trigone- this is smooth muscle
Describe the lymphatic drainage of the bladder
para-aortic lymph nodes around the origin of the renal arteries (L1).
Internal iliac, external iliac, obturator, and presacral lymph nodes.
Describe the sympathetic nerve supply of the bladder
Sympathetic – hypogastric nerve (T12 – L2). It causes relaxation of the detrusor muscle, promoting urine retention.
Sympathetic = contraction of internal urtethral sphincter= Storage of urine
Paraympathetic = relaxation of internal urtethral sphincter= Peeing
Describe the parasympathetic supply of the bladder
Parasympathetic: pelvic nerve (S2-S4). Increased signals from this nerve causes contraction of the detrusor muscle, stimulating micturition.
Derived from the vagus nerve
Describe the somatic nerve innervation of the bladder
Pudendal nerve (S2-4). It innervates the external urethral sphincter, providing voluntary control over micturition
somatic = voluntary
autonomic= involuntary
Describe the afferent/sensory nerve supply to the bladder
Distention of bladder wall: via pelvic and hypogastric (sympathetic fibers)
Sensory (afferent) nerves that report to the brain. They are found in the bladder wall and signal the need to urinate when the bladder becomes full.
What plane & vertebral level do we find the hilum of the kidney?
The transpyloric plane at L1
Describe the function of the internal urthral sphincter in males & females and also what muscle it is composed of
Male
- circular smooth fibres, which are under autonomic control.
- Prevents seminal regurgitation during ejaculation.
Females
- functional sphincter (i.e. no sphincteric muscle present).
- formed by the anatomy of the bladder neck and proximal urethra.
Describe the function of the external urthral sphincter in males & females and also what muscle it is composed of
Has the same structure in both sexes.
It is skeletal muscle, and under voluntary control.
complete
Identify the apex of the urinary bladder. This is the site from which the median umbilical ligament ascends to the umbilicus. Embryologically, what is this a remnant of?
The urachus is a fibrous remnant of the allantois, a canal that drains the urinary bladder
From which part of the bladder does the urethra exit?
internal urethral sphincter
When entering the pelvis, what do the ureters cross?
the ureters enter the pelvis by crossing the division of the common iliac artery into the internal and external iliac arteries.
What muscle does the ureter lie on?
Psoas major
Fill in the blanks
Where in the nephron are tubules and corpusles found?
Renal tubules = renal medulla
Renal corpuscles= renal cortex
What part of the vertebrae do the ureters lie aligned with?
The transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae
proximal convoluted tubule (found in the x)
loop of Henle (mostly in the x)
distal convoluted tubule (found in the x)
collecting tubule (in the x)
collecting duct (in the x)
Renal corpuscle- renal cortex
proximal convoluted tubule (found in the renal cortex)
loop of Henle (mostly in the medulla)
distal convoluted tubule (found in the renal cortex)
collecting tubule (in the medulla)
collecting duct (in the medulla)
What is the predominant tissue type making up the bladder
smooth muscle tissue
The detrusor muscle is located within the walls of the bladder and is composed of smooth muscle fibers that are longitudinal and circular. The layers of the detrusor muscle start longitudinally in the inner layer, become circular in the middle layer, and then longitudinal again in the outer layer.
Label A and B
A= Left renal vein
B= Aorta
What part of the kidney is this histograph taken from?
Renal cortex
Name a structure that crosses X anteriorly in the female pelvis.
Uterine artery
Name a horizontal surface marking plane that passes through the hilum of the kidneys at L1.
Transpyloric plane
Identify the layer labelled X
Bowman’s capsule
