Male repro organs Flashcards
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What is the name of the canal that the testis passes through during development?
Inguinal canal
During embryological development the testis move from the internal abdominal cavity, through the anterior abdominal wall, and lie as part of the external genitalia in the scrotum.
Name the fascial layers of the testis
Where is the cremastor muscle found?
located between the internal and external layers of spermatic fascia, cremaster covers the testes and spermatic cord.
What are the contents of the spermatic cord
- Ductus deferens.
- Testicular artery
- Cremasteric artery.
- Sympathetic nerve fibers
- Lymphatic vessicles
- Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve
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Function of the ductus vas deferens
Transport sperm from storage site in testes to the urethra
What is the tough outer fibrous layer of the testes called?
Tunica vaginalis
What is the tunica vaginalis
The distal part of the contents of the spermatic cord, the epididymis, and most of the testis are surrounded by a collapsed sac, the tunica vaginalis. Consequently, the testis and epididymis—directly covered by the tunica’s visceral layer—are mobile within the scrotum.
What are the two layers of the tunica vaginalis
Visceral and parietal tunica vaginalis
What fluid is present between the two layers of the tunica vaginalis?
The small amount of fluid in the cavity of the tunica vaginalis separates the visceral and parietal layers, allowing the testis to move freely in the scrotum.
What is a hydrocele
A hydrocele is the presence of excess fluid in a persistent processus vaginalis. This congenital anomaly may be associated with an indirect inguinal hernia.
What causes a hydrocele
The fluid accumulation results from secretion of an abnormal amount of serous fluid from the visceral layer of the tunica vaginalis. The size of the hydrocele depends on how much of the processus vaginalis persists
What is a haematocele & cause
Collection of blood in the tunica vaginalis that results, for example, from rupture of branches of the testicular artery by trauma to the testis
maybe due to trauma
name the blood supply to the testes &what level are these arteries given off
Branch of the abdominal aorta called the testicular artery.
- L2 (just under renal arteries)
What is the term used for the 8-12 anastomosing veins associated with the testis?
what is their function
Pampiniform plexus
- venous return & temperature regulation
The pampiniform plexus is part of the thermoregulatory system of the testis (along with the cremasteric and dartos muscles) helping to keep this gland at a constant temperature. The veins of each pampiniform plexus converge superiorly, forming a right testicular vein, which enters the inferior vena cava (IVC), and a left testicular vein, which enters the left renal vein.
Into which vein does the right and left testicular vein drain into
Right = inferior vena cava
Left= Left renal vein
Where does lymph from the … drain
prostate
Prostate-Internal iliac and sacral lymph nodes
Seminal vesicle- Internal & external iliac lymph nodes
Scrotum- Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
Penis- Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
function of Epididymis
attached to the body of the testis, and stores sperm that is produced by the testis.
function of Vas Deferens
muscular tube which arises from the tail of the epididymis, traverses the inguinal canal and enters the pelvis by crossing over the external iliac vessels. It terminates by joining the duct of the seminal gland to form the ejaculatory duct.
transports mature sperm to the urethra in preparation for ejaculation
Function of Seminal Glands (Vesicles)
These paired structures are located on either side of the posterior surface of the bladder, note their relation to the ureter, the vas deferens and the prostate gland.
What secretions are produced by the seminal vesicles? .Seminal fluid- energy source for sperm cells, prostaglandins etc..
Function of prostate gland
> production of seminal fluid
The prostate gland is fused to the inferior part (neck) of the bladder and surrounds the prostatic urethra. Examine the male pelvis diagram to understand the location and relations of the prostate to the bladder and seminal gland.
What secretions are produced by the prostate? .. Prostatic fluid, a thin, milky fluid, provides approximately 20% of the volume of semen (a mixture of secretions produced by the testes, seminal glands, prostate, and bulbo-urethral glands that provides the vehicle by which sperms are transported) and plays a role in activating the sperms.
Function of Bulbourethral (Cowper’s) Glands
These are small, paired structures located in the urogenital diaphragm which empty into the penile/spongy urethra.
The clear, colorless, mucoid product of the secretory cells is released prior to ejaculation as sexual arousal begins.
- The product of the secretory cells serves to neutralize the acid environment of the urethra to protect the sperm cells as they traverse it during ejaculation. It also adds some lubrication for the penis during sexual intercourse.
- The secretion is also added to the seminal fluid where it helps to neutralize the acidic secretions of the vagina.
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