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Anatomy > Female repro organs > Flashcards

Female repro organs Flashcards

1
Q

What three structures constitute the birth canal?

A

Vagina

Fallopian tubes

Uterus

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2
Q

Label

A
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3
Q

What are the 3 layers of the uterus

A

Endometrium: inner lining

Myometrium: muscle layer; smooth muscle cells

Serosa/perimetrium: thin, outer layer, epithelial cells

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4
Q

As pregnancy advances the uterus physiologically has an ‘upper’ segment and a ‘lower segment’

what area of the uterine body does the lower segment develop from

A

Isthmus of the uterus

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5
Q

When a caesarean delivery is done which part of the uterus is opened to deliver the baby?

A

Lower segment of the uterus

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6
Q

What is the normal position of the uterus?

A

Anterflexed and antiverted

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7
Q

What could happen if the position of the uterus is very retroverted and retroflexed, particularly in early pregnancy? Think of the position of the other organs…

A

When abdominal pressure increases the vagina is more likely to prolapse into the uterus as the vagina is directly inferior to the uterus

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8
Q

Label

A
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9
Q

What are the fornices of the vagina? How many are there?

A

Recesses of the vagina, around the cervix

  1. Anterior fornix
  2. Posterior fornix
  3. Lateral fornix
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10
Q

Through which vaginal fornix you can access the rectouterine pouch? What is the clinical significance of this?

A

Posterior fornix is closely related to the rectouterine pouch

This is a way of clearing an infection of the rectouterine pouch

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11
Q

Describe the broad ligament

A

Flat sheet of peritoneum associated with the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries

Extends from the lateral pelvic walls on both sides, and folds over the internal female genitalia, covering their surface anteriorly and posteriorly.

The ovarian, roud and suspensory ligament all lie within the broad ligament

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12
Q

Label

A
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13
Q

What ligaments are attached to the ovary & from where

A

Ovarian ligament: Inferiorly, attaches ovary to the side of the uterus. It joins the uterus just below the origin of the fallopian tubes.

Suspensory ligament: Extends outwards from the ovary to the lateral abdominal wall

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14
Q

Name 3 ligaments associated with the uterus

A

Superior aspect: supported by broad ligament and round ligament

Middle aspect: supported by cardinal, pubocervical and uterosacral ligaments

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15
Q

What is the round ligament a remnant of?

A

Embryonic gubernaculum

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16
Q

Describe the round ligament of the uterus

A

The round ligament is a remnant of the embryonic gubernaculum.

It originates at the uterine horns (the points at which the fallopian tubes enter the uterus), and attaches to the labia majora, passing through the inguinal canal.

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17
Q

Which ligament (part of the pelvic fascia, which is one of the main supports of the uterus) is called the cardinal ligament of the uterus?

A

Transverse cervical ligament

The cardinal ligament (or Mackenrodt’s ligament, lateral cervical ligament, or transverse cervical ligament) is a major ligament of the uterus. It is located at the base of the broad ligament of the uterus. There are a pair of cardinal ligaments in the female human body.

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18
Q

Apart from pelvic fascia, what other structure in the pelvis is also an important support of the uterus?

A

Pelvic diaphragm (levator ani & coccygeus)

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19
Q

The uterine tubes are divided into 4 parts, what are these & label

A
  • Fimbriae – finger-like, ciliated projections which capture the ovum from the surface of the ovary.
  • Infundibulum – funnel-shaped opening near the ovary to which fimbriae are attached.
  • Ampulla – widest section of the uterine tubes. Fertilization usually occurs here.
  • Isthmus – narrow section of the uterine tubes connecting the ampulla to the uterine cavity.
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20
Q

Which part of the uterine tube does fertilization occur?

A

The ampulla

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21
Q

What is meant by an ectopic pregnancy?

what might a cornual ectopic pregnancy be?

A
  1. fertilised egg implants itself outside of the womb, usually in a fallopian tube

An ectopic pregnancy is an uncommon, but important clinical diagnosis to be aware of an requires urgent surgery due to the risk of blood loss

  1. Rare form of ectopic pregnancy where implantation occurs in the cavity of a rudimentary horn of the uterus (point where the uterus and fallopian tubes meet)
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22
Q

What ligaments attaches the ovary to the lateral pelvic wall and to the uterus

A

Ovarian ligament: uterus to ovary (1)

Suspensory ligament: ovary to lateral pelvic wall (2)

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23
Q

The blood supply to the gonads and genitalia is via which two major branches from the aorta

A

The ovarian (gonadal) and the internal iliac arteries

The ovarian artery corresponds to the male testicular artery, in that they are branches directly from the abdominal aorta

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24
Q

What vertebral level do the ovarian arteries originate?

A

L2 vertebrae

As it descends the artery passes within the suspensory ligament to supply the ovaries via the broad ligament.

Note that this vessel freely anastomoses with the uterine artery.

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25
Q

Into which vessels do the ovarian veins drain?

A

Left ovarian vein->left renal vein

Right ovarian vein -> Right inferior vena cava

26
Q

what does the expression “water under the bridge” relate to?

A

The uterine artery crosses over the ureter at the level of ischial spine, junction of cervix and lateral part of fornix of vagina.

27
Q

Label

A
28
Q

When would the ureter and bladder be at risk of iotrogenic damage?

A

Hysterectomy or caeserian section

29
Q

Which group of lymph nodes drain the ovary?

A

Para-aortic lymph nodes

30
Q

Fill in the table- lymph drainge of female repro tract

A
31
Q

What rib anatomical points does the breast extend from verically and horisontally

A

Vertically: 2nd to the 6th rib

Horizontally: lateral border of sternum to the mid-axillary line

32
Q

What is the axillary process of the breast

A

Extension of the breast tissue into the axilla

33
Q

What arteries supply the mammary glands

A

Branches of the subclavian and axillary arteries

34
Q

Label- vasculature of the breast

A
35
Q

Label: vasculature of the breast

A
36
Q

FINISH LYMPH PART OF WB

A
37
Q

List 4 functions of the placenta

A
  1. Gaseous Exchange
  2. Metabolism
  3. Endocrine secretion
  4. Passes immunity to fetus
38
Q

How can you distuinguish between the fetal and the maternal side of the placent?

A

Fetal surface: smooth + contains the umbilical cord

Maternal surface: rough and spongy

39
Q

At what stage of labour does the placenta physiologically seperate from the uterine wall?

A

3rd stage of labour

40
Q

What is this showing?

A

Cut section of the umbilical cord: can see two umbilical arteries and a single umbilical vein

W= alantois

41
Q

What is the function of umbilical arteries and veins in the foetal circulation?

A

Arteries: Carry deoxygenated fetal blood toward the placenta for replenishment

Veins: carry newly oxygenated and nutrient-rich blood back to the featus

42
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the ovary?

A

Para-aortic nodes

43
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the fundus and upper uterine body?

A

Pre-aortic nodes

44
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of most of the uterine body

A

External iliac lymph nodes

45
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the uterine cervix and upper vagina

A

Internal iliac and sacral lymph nodes

46
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the lower vagina

A

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes

47
Q

Which ligament of the female reproductive tract houses the uterine arteries and veins?

A

Cardinal ligament

The cardinal ligament lies at the inferior border of the broad ligament and contains the uterine artery and veins, and forms an attachment between the cervix and the lateral pelvic wall

48
Q

The area the female urethra opens into is known as the?

A

Vaginal vestibule

The vestibule is the area between and surrounding the labia. The external vaginal orifice (vaginal opening) and urethra open onto the vestibule.

49
Q

What vessels contract during the menstrual cycle?

A

Spiral arteries of the endometrium contract, leading to ischemia and sloughing of the functional layer

50
Q

Label the parts of the uterus and the uterine tube

A
Fundus, body, cervix, internal & external os Ampulla, infundibulum, isthmus,
51
Q

What is the breast composed of?

A

Highly modified exocrine glands

  • Consists of 15-25 lobules with tubulo-acinar glands (parenchyma) and stroma (connective tissue)
52
Q

In what fascia do we find the breasts?

A

lie in the superficial fascia of the pectoral region

53
Q

What muscles is the deep surface of the breast related to?

A

Pectoralis major

Pectoralis minor

Serratus anterior

54
Q

What does the umbilical vein persists as in an adult?

A

Ligamentum teres

55
Q

What ligament connects the ovary to the side of the uterus

A

Ovarian ligament

56
Q

What ligament connects the ovary to the lateral abdominal wall

A

suspensory ligament of the ovary

57
Q

What ligament runs from the uterine horns to the labia majora and where does it pass

A

Round ligament, passing through the inguinal canal

58
Q

WHat embryonically is the round ligament a remnant of

A

embryonic gubernaculum

59
Q

What ligament attaches the cervix to the posterior surface of the pubic symphysis

A

Pubocervical ligament

60
Q

What ligament extends from the lateral aspect of the uterus to the lateral pelvic wall

A

Broad ligament

61
Q

complete the blanks

A

Anatomy (30 decks)

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