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Anatomy > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of epithelium lines the urinary bladder and ureter?

A

Urothelium or transitional epithelium

The advantage of this is that it is able to stretch significantly to accommodate large volumes of urine. The transitional epithelium also provides protection to the underlying tissues from acidic or alkaline urine.

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2
Q

What organ is this showing

A

The kidney

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3
Q

Destuinguish the cortex vs the medulla of the kidney

A

Cortex is full of globules whereas, the medulla is more tubule

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4
Q

Label this diagram

A

Renal corpuscle

Glomeruli have a side next to blood vessels- vascular side

And then one going into nephron- urinary side

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5
Q

Label this diagram

A
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6
Q

Label this diagram of the renal corpuscle

A
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7
Q

Complete this diagram

A
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8
Q

Epithelium of the proximal convoluted tubule

A

Simple tall cuboidal epithelium, with a brush border (microvilli).

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9
Q

Epithelium of the loop of henle

A

simple squamous epithelium

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10
Q

Epithelium of the distil convuluted tubule

A

Cuboidal, with few microvilli

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11
Q

Label this diagram

A
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12
Q

Which part of the kidney is this?

A

Kidney: Cortex

Renal corpuscles (Bowman’s capsule: simple squamous epithelium)

Proximal convoluted tubules (cuboidal+ microvilli)

Distal convoluted tubules (cuboidal)

Collecting tubule (cuboidal)

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13
Q

What does this show & describe its epithelium

A

The ureter

Transitional epithelium

Star shaped lumen

Inner longitudinal smooth muscle (SM)

Outer circular SM

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14
Q

What organ does this show & describe its epithelium

A

Bladder

Transitional epithelium

Inner longitudinal (IL) smooth muscle (SM)

Middle circular(MC) SM

Outer longitudinal (OL) SM

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15
Q

Lable

A
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16
Q

Label

A
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17
Q

Label

A
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18
Q

Lable

A
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19
Q

How are hormones stored in a thyroid gland?

A

Hormones are stored in cavities, surrounded by secretory cells. These make up a follicle. Within the cavity of the follicle, the hormone is bound to a glycoprotein and is called as colloid. During secretion the hormone is re-absorbed from the cavity, and then released into the surrounding interstitial spaces.

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20
Q

Fill in the blanks

A

1 = Thyroid follicle: follicular cells + colloid

Thyroid cell- produce thyroid hormones & their surface contains TSH receptors

2 = Follicular epithelial cells

3 = Parafollicular (C cells)- secrete calcitonin - takes calcium & puts it back into the blood

NB. parafollicular cells arise, separately from the thyroid and migrate into it during development of the embryo

PARAFOLICULAR CELLS are secreted from the THYROID GLAND (not the parathyroid gland, this secretes parathyroid hormones which increase calcium levels)

21
Q

What type of epithelium do you see lining the follicle?

A

Simple, non-stratified, cuboidal epithelial cell (found in all endocrine glands)

22
Q

What hormone do the C cells and the thyroid gland secrete?

A

C cells= calcitonin

Thyroid gland = T3&T4

23
Q

Arterial supply & venous drainage of the parathyroid glands

A

Arterial supply to both superior and inferior parathyroids is predominantly from the inferior thyroid arteries.

Venous drainage is via the veins draining the thyroid to the internal jugular veins.

24
Q

What gland is shown here

A

Parathyroid gland

25
Q

Label this diagram of a parathyroid gland

A
  1. chief cells- purple, chief (more of them)
  2. Oxyphill cells- red/pink
26
Q

What is secreted by the parathyroid gland, from which cell & what is its function

A

Chief cells- secrete parathyroid hormone

  • -* plays a key role in the regulation of calcium levels in the blood; removes calcium from bones, to enter the blood
  • What cells does this hormone act upon and what is their subsequent action? Cells of the bone & the kidney-* removes calcium from bones, to enter the blood

Parathyroid hormone takes calcium from bones, putting it into the blood

Calcitonin takes calcium from the blood and puts it into the bones

27
Q

Complete the labels

A

Parathyroid hormone

A= Fibrous capsule

B= Adipose tissue

C= chief cells (purple)

D= Oxyphill cells

28
Q

Name this gland and name the arrows

A

Adrenal gland

29
Q

What are the 3 main hormone types secreted from each of the 3 zones

A
  • Zona glomerulosa -> mineral corticoids- like globules*
  • Zona fasciculata ->glucocorticoids – like canes of sugar*
  • Zona reticularis -> androgens (sex hormones)- big collection; messy, circles*
30
Q

Complete the diagram

A
31
Q

What organ is this?

A

Pancreas

32
Q

Label this diagram

A
32
Q

complete the diagram

A
33
Q

what organ is this

A

the liver

34
Q

complete the diagram & what organ is this

A

Thyroid gland

35
Q

What cells form the boundary of a follicle

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

36
Q

What gland is this & fill in the blanks

A

Parathyroid gland

36
Q

What gland is this from

A

anterior pituitary: 3 types of cells; basophils, acidophils & chromophobes

37
Q

What gland is this from

A

Chief cells, oxyphils & fat globules

Pituitary gland

38
Q

complete the diagram

A
  1. Anterior pituitary
  2. Posterior pituitary
  3. Pituitary stalk
39
Q

What is this gland and fill in the blanks

A

anterior pituitary

clumps of cells (like parathyroid)

pink/red= acidophil cells

purple/blue= basophil cells (basic e.g. alkali)

Also have pale-staining cells- chromophobe, resting, not actually secreting hormones

40
Q

Name this gland and fill in the blanks

A

Suprarenal gland

41
Q

Name this gland & fill in the blanks

A
42
Q

Complete the labels & name the gland

A

Suprarenal gland

43
Q

Label & what gland is this

A

Adrenal gland

44
Q

Label this and name the organ

A

Pancreas

45
Q
A
46
Q
A
47
Q

label

A

Cortex

glomerulosa

fasiculata

reticularis

medulla

  • note the medulla contains medullary veins

Anatomy (30 decks)

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