Upper limb Week 8 Flashcards
Which upper limb bones are not long bones
scapula and carpal bones
how does one differentiate between lateral and medial end of the acromion
lateral end is flattened and articulates with acromion
medial end is enlarged and articulates with manubrium sternum
What are the branches of the brachial plexus
axillary nerve
radial nerve
musculocutaneous nerve
ulnar nerve
median nerve
what does musculocutaneous nerve innervate
arm muscles
what does median nerve innervate
forearm muscles
what does ulnar nerve innervate
forearm muscles
what does axillary nerve innervate
arm muscles
what does radial nerve innervate
upper limb posterior muscles
what are the different joints of the upper limb
sternoclavicular joint
acromioclavicular joint
glenohumeral joint
humero-ulnar & humeroradial joint
radiocarpal joint
carpometacarpal joint
metacaropophalangeal joint
proximal and distal interphalangeal joint
What are lymphatics
lymph vessels which carry clear interstitial fluid called “Lymph”
Plays a role in defense mechanism
Lymphatic system provides alternative route for interstitial fluid to return to venous system
What are the muscles of the pectoral region
Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
Serratus Anterior
What is the origin of pectoralis major
medial half of clavicle and anterior surface of sternum, 1st - 7th costal cartilages
What is the insertion of pectoralis major
proximal part of humerus (lateral lip of intertubercular groove)
what innervates pectoralis major
medial and lateral pectoral nerves
what is the action of pectoralis major
adduction, medial rotation, flexion of humerus at shoulder joint
What is the origin of pectoralis minor
anterior surfaces of 3rd, 4th, 5th ribs, and deep fascia overlying related intercostal spaces
What is the insertion of pectoralis minor
coracoid process
what innervates pectoralis minor
medial pectoral nerve
what is the action of pectoralis minor
depresses tip of shoulder and protracts scapula
what is the origin point of serratus anterior
external surfaces of lateral parts of 1st - 8th ribs
what is the insertion point of serratus anterior
medial border of scapula
what innervates serratus anterior
long thoracic nerve (c5, c6, c7)
what is the action of serratus anterior
protracts scapula and holds it against thoracic wall, rotates scapula
what are the muscles of the rotator cuff
subscapularis
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
what is the origin point of subscapularis
subscapular fossa
what is the insertion point of subscapularis
lesser tubercle of humerus
what innervates subscapularis
upper and lower subscapular nerves
what is the action of subscapularis
medially rotates arm
helps hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity
what is the origin of supraspinatus
supraspinous fossa of scapula
what is the insertion of supraspinatus
greater tubercle of humerus
what innervates supraspinatus
suprascapular nerve
what is the action of supraspinatus
abduction of arm along with deltoid
what is the origin of infraspinatus
infraspinous fossa of scapula
what is the insertion of infraspinatus
greater tubercle of humerus
what innervates infraspinatus
suprascapular nerve
what is the action of infraspinatus
laterally rotates arm
what is the origin of teres minor
middle part of lateral border of scapula
what is the insertion of teres minor
greater tubercle of humerus
what innervates teres minor
axillary nerve
what is the action of teres minor
adducts and lateral rotation of arm
what is the origin of deltoid
lateral third of clavicle; acromion and spine of scapula
what is the insertion of deltoid
deltoid tuberosity of humerus
what innervates deltoid
axillary nerve (c5, c6)
what is the action of deltoid
clavicular (anterior) part: flexes and medially rotates arm
acromial (middle) part: abducts arm
spinal (posterior) part: extends and laterally rotates arm
What are the parts of the humerus
Head of humerus
surgical neck
anatomical neck
Greater tubercle
Lesser tubercle
Intertubercular groove
Radial groove
deltoid tuberosity
medial and lateral supracondylar ridge
radial fossa
coronoid fossa
olecranon fossa
medial and lateral epicondyle
capitulum
trochlea
what are the components of radius
head of radius
neck of radius
radial tuberosity
interosseous border
ulnar notch
dorsal tubercle
radial styloid process
facet for articulation with scaphoid and lunate bones
What are the components of ulna
trochlear notch
olecranon
coronoid process
ulna tuberosity
interosseous border
roughening for attachment of pronator quadratus
head of ulnar
ulnar styloid process
what are the components of the hand
scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
Sally Left The Party, To Take Cathy Home
What are the different types of joints
Synovial joints
Fibrous joints
Cartilaginous joints
What are synovial joints
freely moving joints covered by capsule
what are fibrous joints
less mobile joints with bone ends connected by fibrous tissue
what are cartilaginous joints
bone ends united by cartilage
primary = no movement
secondary = less movement
what are the components of synovial joints
bones
articular cartilage
synovial cavity
synovial fluid
synovial membrane
capsule
which part of the humerus is prone to fractures
surgical neck
what is the other name for intertubercular groove
bicipital groove
what is the lateral epicondyle of the humerus for
For attachment of extensor and anconenus muscles
What is the medial epicondyle of the humerus for
For attachment of flexors and ulna nerve
what bones from the fingers
phalanges
what bones form the palms
metacarpals
what bones form the wrist
carpal bones
what are the initial nerves supply brachial plexus
C5 - T1 nerve roots
What fingers does the ulnar nerve innervate
little and 1/2 of ring finger
What finger does the medial nerve innerve
thumb, index, middle and 1/2 of ring finger
Are all extensor muscles innervated by radial nerve
yes
What is the artery supply down the arm
SABRUS
subclavian (neck) > axillary (armpit) > brachial (arm) > radial & ulnar (forearm) > superficial & Deep Palmar arches (palm)
What do superficial veins do
Drains skin and fascia of upper limb
What is the superficial vein supply up the arm
Digital > SF Palmar venous arch > median cubital > cephalic & basilic
How do you differentiate between cephalic and basilic vein
Cephalic is from the thumb (found laterally) upwards while basilic is from the pink (found medially) upwards
What do the deep veins do
Deep veins drain muscles and bones
What is the deep vein supply like up the arm
Deep palmous venous arch > radius & ulnar (forearm) > brachial (arm & elbow) > axillary > subclavian
what does the brachial and basilic veins form
axillary vein
Does the axillary and cephalic vein combine
Yes but cephalic vein links to axillary, does not merge to form subclavian vein
what are the muscles that move the scapula
rhomboids
trapezius
pectoralis minor
serratus anterior
levator scapulae
what are the muscles that move the arm
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
teres major
tricep brachii (long and lateral head)
What branch is the axillary nerve from
posterior cord
what does the axillary nerve supply
deltoid and teres minor
what is the origin of trapezius
medial third of superior nuchal line
external occipital tuberance; nuchal ligament; spinous processes of C7-T12 vertebrae
what is the insertion of trapezius
lateral third of clavicle; acromion and spine of scapula
what innervates trapezius
spinal accessory nerve
what is the action of trapezius
DEAD - Descending elevates, ascending depresses
descending part elevates scapula
ascending part depresses scapula
middle part retracts scapula
what is the origin of levator scapulae
transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae
what is the insertion of levator scapulae
posterior surface of medial border of scapula
what innervates levator scapulae
dorsal scapular nerve
what is the action of levator scapulae
elevates scapula
what is the origin of rhomboid minor
lower end of ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of C7 and T1 vertebrae
what is the insertion of rhomboid minor
posterior surface of medial border of scapula
what innervates rhomboid minor
dorsal scapular nerve
what is the action of rhomboid minor
elevates and retracts scapula
what is the origin of rhomboid major
spinous processes of TII - TV vertebrae
what is the insertion of rhomboid major
posterior surface of medial border of scapula from root of spine of scapula to inferior angle
what innervates rhomboid major
dorsal scapular nerve
what is the action of rhomboid major
retracts scapula and rotate glenoid cavity inferiorly; fix scapula to thoracic wall
What type of joint is glenohumeral joint
ball and socket type of synovial joint
is glenohumeral joint a multi axial joint
yes, permits wide range of movement
What is the fibrocartilaginous collar of the glenoid cavity
glenoid labrum
What happens when shoulder joint is dislocated
due to laxity of ligaments and disproportionate articular surfaces
axillary nerve is affected
What happens during rotator cuff injuries
recurrent inflammation of rotator cuff esp relatively avascular area of supraspinatus tendon
results in tears of musculotendinous rotator cuff
what is frozen shoulder known as
adhesive capsulitis / periarthritis shoulder
what is frozen shoulder
adhesive fibrosis and scarring between inflamed joint capsule of glenohumeral joint, rotator cuff, subacromial bursa and deltoid
what muscles are involved in lateral rotation
Infraspinatus, Teres minor; deltoid (spinal part)
what muscles are involved in medial rotation
Subscapularis Pectoralis major; deltoid (clavicular part); latissimus dorsi; teres major
what muscles are involved in adduction
anterior and posterior fibres of the deltoid, pectoralis major,
teres major,
latissimus dorsi,
coracobrachialis and long head of triceps
what muscles are involved in abduction
supraspinatus, deltoid
what muscles are involved in extension
posterior fibres of deltoid and teres major
for full flexion, extension is by latissimus dorsi
what muscles are involved in flexion
Pectoralis major, anterior fibres of deltoid, assisted by coracobrachialis and biceps brachii
Where can articular cartilage be found
At the ends of the bones
What is dorsal tubercle also known as
Lister’s tubercle
What makes the wrist joint
Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetral
Radius
What does the brachial plexus innervate
Upper limbs
How many nerves are in the different segments of the spinal cord
CTL SC (Control Spinal Cord) 8 12 5 5 1
8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 Lumbar
5 Sacral
1 Coccygeal
How to remember where the ulnar nerve runs
Near the humerus. When u hit the medial epicondyle, u feel funny at that is the ulnar nerve
What branches from brachiocephalic trunk of the arch of aorta
Right subclavian and right common carotid artery
What is the deep vein distribution in the arm
Deep Palmar Venous arches > Radial & Ulnar > Brachial > axillary > subclavian
What do the deep vein drain in the arm
Muscle and bones
What forms the median cubital vein
Cephalic and basilic veins at the elbow
What vein is used to draw blood from
Median cubital vein
How is the axillary vein formed
Radial + ulnar vein > brachial vein (deep)
Basilic vein (superficial)
Both fuse to form axillary vein
Does the cephalic vein merge with axillary vein to form subclavian vein
No. Cephalic vein merges into axillary vein which is the main vein
What are the muscles that move the humerus
subscapularis
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
what are the muscles that move the scapula
teres major
deltoid
latissimus dorsi
coracobrachialis
What muscle moves the scapula partially
latissimus dorsi
If someone suffers an fracture at the neck of the humerus, which nerve is affected
Axillary nerve
What muscle is affected when shoulder joint dislocation occurs
axillary nerve is affected which means deltoid muscle is too
