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HSC1007 > Upper limb Week 8 > Flashcards

Upper limb Week 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Which upper limb bones are not long bones

A

scapula and carpal bones

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2
Q

how does one differentiate between lateral and medial end of the acromion

A

lateral end is flattened and articulates with acromion

medial end is enlarged and articulates with manubrium sternum

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3
Q

What are the branches of the brachial plexus

A

axillary nerve

radial nerve

musculocutaneous nerve

ulnar nerve

median nerve

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4
Q

what does musculocutaneous nerve innervate

A

arm muscles

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5
Q

what does median nerve innervate

A

forearm muscles

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6
Q

what does ulnar nerve innervate

A

forearm muscles

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7
Q

what does axillary nerve innervate

A

arm muscles

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8
Q

what does radial nerve innervate

A

upper limb posterior muscles

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9
Q

what are the different joints of the upper limb

A

sternoclavicular joint

acromioclavicular joint

glenohumeral joint

humero-ulnar & humeroradial joint

radiocarpal joint

carpometacarpal joint

metacaropophalangeal joint

proximal and distal interphalangeal joint

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10
Q

What are lymphatics

A

lymph vessels which carry clear interstitial fluid called “Lymph”

Plays a role in defense mechanism

Lymphatic system provides alternative route for interstitial fluid to return to venous system

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11
Q

What are the muscles of the pectoral region

A

Pectoralis major

Pectoralis minor

Serratus Anterior

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12
Q

What is the origin of pectoralis major

A

medial half of clavicle and anterior surface of sternum, 1st - 7th costal cartilages

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13
Q

What is the insertion of pectoralis major

A

proximal part of humerus (lateral lip of intertubercular groove)

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14
Q

what innervates pectoralis major

A

medial and lateral pectoral nerves

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15
Q

what is the action of pectoralis major

A

adduction, medial rotation, flexion of humerus at shoulder joint

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16
Q

What is the origin of pectoralis minor

A

anterior surfaces of 3rd, 4th, 5th ribs, and deep fascia overlying related intercostal spaces

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17
Q

What is the insertion of pectoralis minor

A

coracoid process

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18
Q

what innervates pectoralis minor

A

medial pectoral nerve

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19
Q

what is the action of pectoralis minor

A

depresses tip of shoulder and protracts scapula

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20
Q

what is the origin point of serratus anterior

A

external surfaces of lateral parts of 1st - 8th ribs

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21
Q

what is the insertion point of serratus anterior

A

medial border of scapula

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22
Q

what innervates serratus anterior

A

long thoracic nerve (c5, c6, c7)

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23
Q

what is the action of serratus anterior

A

protracts scapula and holds it against thoracic wall, rotates scapula

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24
Q

what are the muscles of the rotator cuff

A

subscapularis

supraspinatus

infraspinatus

teres minor

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25
Q

what is the origin point of subscapularis

A

subscapular fossa

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26
Q

what is the insertion point of subscapularis

A

lesser tubercle of humerus

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27
Q

what innervates subscapularis

A

upper and lower subscapular nerves

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28
Q

what is the action of subscapularis

A

medially rotates arm

helps hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity

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29
Q

what is the origin of supraspinatus

A

supraspinous fossa of scapula

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30
Q

what is the insertion of supraspinatus

A

greater tubercle of humerus

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31
Q

what innervates supraspinatus

A

suprascapular nerve

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32
Q

what is the action of supraspinatus

A

abduction of arm along with deltoid

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33
Q

what is the origin of infraspinatus

A

infraspinous fossa of scapula

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34
Q

what is the insertion of infraspinatus

A

greater tubercle of humerus

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35
Q

what innervates infraspinatus

A

suprascapular nerve

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36
Q

what is the action of infraspinatus

A

laterally rotates arm

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37
Q

what is the origin of teres minor

A

middle part of lateral border of scapula

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38
Q

what is the insertion of teres minor

A

greater tubercle of humerus

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39
Q

what innervates teres minor

A

axillary nerve

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40
Q

what is the action of teres minor

A

adducts and lateral rotation of arm

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41
Q

what is the origin of deltoid

A

lateral third of clavicle; acromion and spine of scapula

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42
Q

what is the insertion of deltoid

A

deltoid tuberosity of humerus

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43
Q

what innervates deltoid

A

axillary nerve (c5, c6)

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44
Q

what is the action of deltoid

A

clavicular (anterior) part: flexes and medially rotates arm

acromial (middle) part: abducts arm

spinal (posterior) part: extends and laterally rotates arm

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45
Q

What are the parts of the humerus

A

Head of humerus

surgical neck

anatomical neck

Greater tubercle

Lesser tubercle

Intertubercular groove

Radial groove

deltoid tuberosity

medial and lateral supracondylar ridge

radial fossa

coronoid fossa

olecranon fossa

medial and lateral epicondyle

capitulum

trochlea

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46
Q

what are the components of radius

A

head of radius

neck of radius

radial tuberosity

interosseous border

ulnar notch

dorsal tubercle

radial styloid process

facet for articulation with scaphoid and lunate bones

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47
Q

What are the components of ulna

A

trochlear notch

olecranon

coronoid process

ulna tuberosity

interosseous border

roughening for attachment of pronator quadratus

head of ulnar

ulnar styloid process

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48
Q

what are the components of the hand

A

scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

Sally Left The Party, To Take Cathy Home

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49
Q

What are the different types of joints

A

Synovial joints

Fibrous joints

Cartilaginous joints

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50
Q

What are synovial joints

A

freely moving joints covered by capsule

51
Q

what are fibrous joints

A

less mobile joints with bone ends connected by fibrous tissue

52
Q

what are cartilaginous joints

A

bone ends united by cartilage
primary = no movement
secondary = less movement

53
Q

what are the components of synovial joints

A

bones

articular cartilage

synovial cavity

synovial fluid

synovial membrane

capsule

54
Q

which part of the humerus is prone to fractures

A

surgical neck

55
Q

what is the other name for intertubercular groove

A

bicipital groove

56
Q

what is the lateral epicondyle of the humerus for

A

For attachment of extensor and anconenus muscles

57
Q

What is the medial epicondyle of the humerus for

A

For attachment of flexors and ulna nerve

58
Q

what bones from the fingers

A

phalanges

59
Q

what bones form the palms

A

metacarpals

60
Q

what bones form the wrist

A

carpal bones

61
Q

what are the initial nerves supply brachial plexus

A

C5 - T1 nerve roots

62
Q

What fingers does the ulnar nerve innervate

A

little and 1/2 of ring finger

63
Q

What finger does the medial nerve innerve

A

thumb, index, middle and 1/2 of ring finger

64
Q

Are all extensor muscles innervated by radial nerve

A

yes

65
Q

What is the artery supply down the arm

A

SABRUS

subclavian (neck) > axillary (armpit) > brachial (arm) > radial & ulnar (forearm) > superficial & Deep Palmar arches (palm)

66
Q

What do superficial veins do

A

Drains skin and fascia of upper limb

67
Q

What is the superficial vein supply up the arm

A

Digital > SF Palmar venous arch > median cubital > cephalic & basilic

68
Q

How do you differentiate between cephalic and basilic vein

A

Cephalic is from the thumb (found laterally) upwards while basilic is from the pink (found medially) upwards

69
Q

What do the deep veins do

A

Deep veins drain muscles and bones

70
Q

What is the deep vein supply like up the arm

A

Deep palmous venous arch > radius & ulnar (forearm) > brachial (arm & elbow) > axillary > subclavian

71
Q

what does the brachial and basilic veins form

A

axillary vein

72
Q

Does the axillary and cephalic vein combine

A

Yes but cephalic vein links to axillary, does not merge to form subclavian vein

73
Q

what are the muscles that move the scapula

A

rhomboids

trapezius

pectoralis minor

serratus anterior

levator scapulae

74
Q

what are the muscles that move the arm

A

supraspinatus

infraspinatus

teres minor

teres major

tricep brachii (long and lateral head)

75
Q

What branch is the axillary nerve from

A

posterior cord

76
Q

what does the axillary nerve supply

A

deltoid and teres minor

77
Q

what is the origin of trapezius

A

medial third of superior nuchal line
external occipital tuberance; nuchal ligament; spinous processes of C7-T12 vertebrae

78
Q

what is the insertion of trapezius

A

lateral third of clavicle; acromion and spine of scapula

79
Q

what innervates trapezius

A

spinal accessory nerve

80
Q

what is the action of trapezius

A

DEAD - Descending elevates, ascending depresses

descending part elevates scapula
ascending part depresses scapula
middle part retracts scapula

81
Q

what is the origin of levator scapulae

A

transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae

82
Q

what is the insertion of levator scapulae

A

posterior surface of medial border of scapula

83
Q

what innervates levator scapulae

A

dorsal scapular nerve

84
Q

what is the action of levator scapulae

A

elevates scapula

85
Q

what is the origin of rhomboid minor

A

lower end of ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of C7 and T1 vertebrae

86
Q

what is the insertion of rhomboid minor

A

posterior surface of medial border of scapula

87
Q

what innervates rhomboid minor

A

dorsal scapular nerve

88
Q

what is the action of rhomboid minor

A

elevates and retracts scapula

89
Q

what is the origin of rhomboid major

A

spinous processes of TII - TV vertebrae

90
Q

what is the insertion of rhomboid major

A

posterior surface of medial border of scapula from root of spine of scapula to inferior angle

91
Q

what innervates rhomboid major

A

dorsal scapular nerve

92
Q

what is the action of rhomboid major

A

retracts scapula and rotate glenoid cavity inferiorly; fix scapula to thoracic wall

93
Q

What type of joint is glenohumeral joint

A

ball and socket type of synovial joint

94
Q

is glenohumeral joint a multi axial joint

A

yes, permits wide range of movement

95
Q

What is the fibrocartilaginous collar of the glenoid cavity

A

glenoid labrum

96
Q

What happens when shoulder joint is dislocated

A

due to laxity of ligaments and disproportionate articular surfaces

axillary nerve is affected

97
Q

What happens during rotator cuff injuries

A

recurrent inflammation of rotator cuff esp relatively avascular area of supraspinatus tendon

results in tears of musculotendinous rotator cuff

98
Q

what is frozen shoulder known as

A

adhesive capsulitis / periarthritis shoulder

99
Q

what is frozen shoulder

A

adhesive fibrosis and scarring between inflamed joint capsule of glenohumeral joint, rotator cuff, subacromial bursa and deltoid

100
Q

what muscles are involved in lateral rotation

A

Infraspinatus, Teres minor; deltoid (spinal part)

101
Q

what muscles are involved in medial rotation

A

Subscapularis Pectoralis major; deltoid (clavicular part); latissimus dorsi; teres major

102
Q

what muscles are involved in adduction

A

anterior and posterior fibres of the deltoid, pectoralis major,
teres major,
latissimus dorsi,
coracobrachialis and long head of triceps

103
Q

what muscles are involved in abduction

A

supraspinatus, deltoid

104
Q

what muscles are involved in extension

A

posterior fibres of deltoid and teres major

for full flexion, extension is by latissimus dorsi

105
Q

what muscles are involved in flexion

A

Pectoralis major, anterior fibres of deltoid, assisted by coracobrachialis and biceps brachii

106
Q

Where can articular cartilage be found

A

At the ends of the bones

107
Q

What is dorsal tubercle also known as

A

Lister’s tubercle

108
Q

What makes the wrist joint

A

Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetral

Radius

109
Q

What does the brachial plexus innervate

A

Upper limbs

110
Q

How many nerves are in the different segments of the spinal cord

A

CTL SC (Control Spinal Cord) 8 12 5 5 1

8 cervical

12 thoracic

5 Lumbar

5 Sacral

1 Coccygeal

111
Q

How to remember where the ulnar nerve runs

A

Near the humerus. When u hit the medial epicondyle, u feel funny at that is the ulnar nerve

112
Q

What branches from brachiocephalic trunk of the arch of aorta

A

Right subclavian and right common carotid artery

113
Q

What is the deep vein distribution in the arm

A

Deep Palmar Venous arches > Radial & Ulnar > Brachial > axillary > subclavian

114
Q

What do the deep vein drain in the arm

A

Muscle and bones

115
Q

What forms the median cubital vein

A

Cephalic and basilic veins at the elbow

116
Q

What vein is used to draw blood from

A

Median cubital vein

117
Q

How is the axillary vein formed

A

Radial + ulnar vein > brachial vein (deep)

Basilic vein (superficial)

Both fuse to form axillary vein

118
Q

Does the cephalic vein merge with axillary vein to form subclavian vein

A

No. Cephalic vein merges into axillary vein which is the main vein

119
Q

What are the muscles that move the humerus

A

subscapularis
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor

120
Q

what are the muscles that move the scapula

A

teres major
deltoid
latissimus dorsi
coracobrachialis

121
Q

What muscle moves the scapula partially

A

latissimus dorsi

122
Q

If someone suffers an fracture at the neck of the humerus, which nerve is affected

A

Axillary nerve

123
Q

What muscle is affected when shoulder joint dislocation occurs

A

axillary nerve is affected which means deltoid muscle is too

HSC1007 (18 decks)

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