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HSC1007 > Lower limb Week 11 > Flashcards

Lower limb Week 11 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bones of lower limbs

A

Hip (Sacrum, Coccyx), Femur, Patella, Tibia, Fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

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2
Q

What are the muscles of the hip region

A

Psoas major

Psoas minor

Iliacus

Tensor Fascia Latae

Pectineus

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3
Q

What is the proximal attachment of psoas major

A

Lumbar vertebra

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4
Q

What is the distal attachment of psoas major

A

Lesser trochanter of femur

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5
Q

What is the nerve supply of psoas major

A

Lumber plexus L1-L4

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6
Q

What is the blood supply of psoas major

A

Iliolumbar artery

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7
Q

What is the action of psoas major

A

Flexes thigh at hip joint

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8
Q

What is the proximal attachment of psoas minor

A

Bodies & intervertebral discs T12-L5

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9
Q

What is the distal attachment of psoas minor

A

Pectineal line

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10
Q

What is the nerve supply of psoas minor

A

Spinal nerves L1

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11
Q

What is the blood supply of psoas minor

A

Iliolumbar artery

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12
Q

What is the action of psoas minor

A

Flexes thigh at hip joint

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13
Q

What is the proximal attachment of iliacus

A

iliac fossa

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14
Q

What is the distal attachment of iliacus

A

lesser trochanter of femur

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15
Q

What is the nerve supply of iliacus

A

Femoral nerve

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16
Q

What is the blood supply of iliacus

A

medial circumflex femoral artery

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17
Q

What is the action of iliacus

A

flexes thigh at hip joint

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18
Q

What is the proximal attachment of tensor fascia lata

A

anterior superior iliac spin

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19
Q

What is the distal attachment of tensor fascia lata

A

iliotibial tract

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20
Q

What is the nerve supply of tensor fascia lata

A

superior gluteal nerve

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21
Q

What is the blood supply of tensor fascia lata

A

lateral circumflex femoral artery & superior gluteal artery

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22
Q

What is the action of tensor fascia lata

A

abduction & internal rotation of thigh

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23
Q

What is the proximal attachment of pectineus

A

superior ramus of pubis

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24
Q

What is the distal attachment of pectineus

A

line between lesser trochanter of femur and linea aspera

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25
Q

What is the nerve supply of pectineus

A

femoral & obturator nerve

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26
Q

What is the blood supply of pectineus

A

medial circumflex femoral artery

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27
Q

What is the action of pectineus

A

adduction, flexion, medial rotation of thigh

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28
Q

What is the proximal attachment of Gluteus maximus

A

posterior surface of ilium, sacrum, coccyx

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29
Q

What is the distal attachment of Gluteus maximus

A

iliotibial tract & gluteal tuberosity

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30
Q

What is the nerve supply of Gluteus maximus

A

inferior gluteal nerve

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31
Q

What is the blood supply of Gluteus maximus

A

superior & inferior gluteal artery

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32
Q

What is the action of Gluteus maximus

A

abduction, extension & lateral rotation of hip

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33
Q

What is the proximal attachment of Gluteus medius

A

posterior surface of ilium

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34
Q

What is the distal attachment of Gluteus medius

A

lateral surface of greater trochanter

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35
Q

What is the nerve supply of Gluteus medius

A

superior gluteal nerve

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36
Q

What is the blood supply of Gluteus medius

A

superior & inferior gluteal artery

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37
Q

What is the action of Gluteus medius

A

abduction, flexion & medial rotation of thigh

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38
Q

What is the proximal attachment of Gluteus minimus

A

posterior surface of ilium but inferior to gluteus medius

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39
Q

What is the distal attachment of Gluteus minimus

A

anterior side of greater trochanter

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40
Q

What is the nerve supply of Gluteus minimus

A

superior gluteal nerve

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41
Q

What is the blood supply of Gluteus minimus

A

superior & inferior gluteal artery

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42
Q

What is the action of Gluteus minimus

A

abduction, flexion & medial rotation of thigh

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43
Q

What is the proximal attachment of piriformis

A

anterior surface of sacrum

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44
Q

What is the distal attachment of piriformis

A

greater trochanter of femur

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45
Q

What is the nerve supply of piriformis

A

sacral plexus L5 - S2

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46
Q

What is the blood supply of piriformis

A

superior & inferior gluteal artery

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47
Q

What is the action of piriformis

A

lateral rotation, abduction & extension of hip joint

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48
Q

What does the superior & inferior gluteal artery supply

A

gluteus maximus, medius, minimus and piriformis

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49
Q

What can be found at the femoral triangle

A

femoral vein, artery & nerve

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50
Q

what are the boundaries of the femoral triangle

A

superiorly - inguinal ligament

medially - adductor longus

laterally - sartorius

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51
Q

What is the proximal attachment of adductor longus

A

pubis

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52
Q

What is the distal attachment of adductor longus

A

middle 1/3 of linea aspera

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53
Q

What is the nerve supply of adductor longus

A

obturator nerve

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54
Q

What is the blood supply of adductor longus

A

deep femoral

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55
Q

What is the action of adductor longus

A

strong adductor of thigh & medial rotation

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56
Q

What is the proximal attachment of gracilis

A

pubis (inferior rami & body)

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57
Q

What is the distal attachment of gracilis

A

anterior medial aspect of proximal tibia

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58
Q

What is the nerve supply of gracilis

A

obturator nerve

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59
Q

What is the blood supply of gracilis

A

obturator artery

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60
Q

What is the action of gracilis

A

adduction of thigh at hip, flexion of leg at the knee

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61
Q

What is the proximal attachment of obturator externus

A

lateral surface of obturator membrane & ischiopubic ramus

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62
Q

What is the distal attachment of obturator externus

A

posterior part of greater trochanter

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63
Q

What is the nerve supply of obturator externus

A

obturator nerve

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64
Q

What is the blood supply of obturator externus

A

obturator artery

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65
Q

What is the action of obturator externus

A

adduction & lateral rotation of thigh

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66
Q

What is the proximal attachment of adductor part of adductor magnus

A

inferior rami of pubis & rami of ischium

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67
Q

What is the distal attachment of adductor part of adductor magnus

A

linea aspera of femur

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68
Q

What is the nerve supply of adductor part of adductor magnus

A

obturator nerve

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69
Q

What is the blood supply of adductor part of adductor magnus

A

deep femoral

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70
Q

What is the action of adductor magnus

A

adducts & flexes thigh with hamstring portion extending thigh

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71
Q

What is the proximal attachment of hamstring part of adductor magnus

A

ischial tuberosity

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72
Q

What is the distal attachment of hamstring part of adductor magnus

A

adductor tubercle & medial supracondylar line of femur

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73
Q

What is the nerve supply of hamstring part of adductor magnus

A

sciatic nerve

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74
Q

What is the blood supply of hamstring part of adductor magnus

A

deep femoral

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75
Q

what are the muscles involved in internal rotation

A

tensor fascia latae
gluteus medius
gluteus minimus

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76
Q

what are the muscles involved in external rotation

A

gluteus maximus
piriformis
bicep femoris (long head)

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77
Q

what are the muscles involved in abduction

A

“SPGG”
sartorius
piriformis
gluteus maximus
gluteus medius

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78
Q

what are the muscles involved in adduction

A

pectineus
adductor brevis
adductor longus
adductor magnus
gracilis

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79
Q

what are the muscles involved in flexion

A

psoas
iliacus
sartorius
rectus femoris

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80
Q

what are the muscles involved in extension

A

gluteus maximus
bicep femoris
semimembranosis
semitendinosis

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81
Q

what is the proximal attachment of bicep femoris

A

long head
- ischial tuberosity of ischium
short head
- linea aspera on posterior surface of femur

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82
Q

what is the distal attachment of bicep femoris

A

fibular head & lateral condyle of tibia

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83
Q

what is the nerve supply of bicep femoris

A

long head - tibial nerve
short head - common fibular nerve

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84
Q

what is the blood supply of bicep femoris

A

profunda femoris & inferior gluteal

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85
Q

what is the action of bicep femoris

A

flexion at knee
extends thigh at hip
laterally rotates at hip & knee

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86
Q

what is the proximal attachment of semitendinosus

A

ischial tuberosity

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87
Q

what is the distal attachment of semitendinosus

A

medial surface of tibia

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88
Q

what is the nerve supply of semitendinosus

A

tibial nerve

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89
Q

what is the blood supply of semitendinosus

A

profunda femoris & inferior gluteal

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90
Q

what is the action of semitendinosus

A

flex leg at knee joint
extends thigh at hip
medially rotates thigh at hip joint & leg at knee joint

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91
Q

what is the proximal attachment of semimembranosus

A

ischial tuberosity

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92
Q

what is the distal attachment of semimembranosus

A

medial condyle of tibia

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93
Q

what is the nerve supply of semimembranosus

A

tibial nerve

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94
Q

what is the blood supply of semimembranosus

A

profunda femoris & inferior gluteal

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95
Q

what is the action of semimembranosus

A

flexion & medial rotation of leg at knee joint
extension & medial rotation of thigh at hip joint

96
Q

what is the proximal attachment of tibialis anterior

A

lateral surface of tibia & lateral tibial condyle

97
Q

what is the distal attachment of tibialis anterior

A

medial cuneiform & base of 1st metatarsal

98
Q

what is the nerve supply of tibialis anterior

A

deep fibular nerve

99
Q

what is the blood supply of tibialis anterior

A

anterior tibial artery

100
Q

what is the action of tibialis anterior

A

dorsiflexion & foot inversion

101
Q

what is the proximal attachment of extensor digitorum longus

A

upper tibia & fibula
interosseous membrane

102
Q

what is the distal attachment of extensor digitorum longus

A

tendon split into 4, each attaching to bases of 4 toes

103
Q

what is the nerve supply of extensor digitorum longus

A

deep fibular nerve

104
Q

what is the blood supply of extensor digitorum longus

A

anterior tibial artery

105
Q

what is the action of extensor digitorum longus

A

extends digits 2-5 & dorsiflexion of foot

106
Q

what is the proximal attachment of extensor hallucis longus

A

middle shaft of fibula
interosseous membrane

107
Q

what is the distal attachment of extensor hallucis longus

A

base of distal phalanx of big toe

108
Q

what is the nerve supply of extensor hallucis longus

A

deep fibular nerve

109
Q

what is the blood supply of extensor hallucis longus

A

anterior tibial artery

110
Q

what is the action of extensor hallucis longus

A

extension of big toe & dorsiflexion and inversion of foot

111
Q

what is the proximal attachment of fibularis tertius

A

anterior surface of fibula & tibiofibular ligament

112
Q

what is the distal attachment of fibularis tertius

A

base of metatarsal V

113
Q

what is the nerve supply of fibularis tertius

A

deep fibular nerve

114
Q

what is the blood supply of fibularis tertius

A

anterior tibial artery

115
Q

what is the action of fibularis tertius

A

dorsiflexion and foot eversion

116
Q

what is the proximal attachment of fibularis longus

A

head of fibula
lateral tibial condyle

117
Q

what is the distal attachment of fibularis longus

A

medial cuneiform
base of 1st metatarsal

118
Q

what is the nerve supply of fibularis longus

A

superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve

119
Q

what is the blood supply of fibularis longus

A

fibular artery

120
Q

what is the action of fibularis longus

A

plantarflexion & foot eversion

121
Q

what is the proximal attachment of fibularis brevis

A

distal 2/3 of fibular shaft surface

122
Q

what is the distal attachment of fibularis brevis

A

tuberosity of 5th metatarsal

123
Q

what is the nerve supply of fibularis brevis

A

superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve

124
Q

what is the blood supply of fibularis brevis

A

fibular artery

125
Q

what is the action of fibularis brevis

A

plantarflexion & foot eversion

126
Q

What muscles are innervated by deep fibular nerve

A

“FEET”

tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallucis longus
fibularis tertius

127
Q

What muscles are supplied by anterior tibial artery

A

“FEET”

tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallucis longus
fibularis tertius

128
Q

What muscles are innervated by superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve

A

fibularis longus
fibularis brevis

129
Q

What muscles are supplied by fibular artery

A

fibularis longus
fibularis brevis

130
Q

What muscles do plantarflexion & foot eversion

A

fibularis longus
fibularis brevis

131
Q

what is the proximal attachment of gastrocnemius

A

lateral & medial heads attach to lateral & medial femoral condyles

132
Q

what is the distal attachment of gastrocnemius

A

fuses w/ soleus muscle to form calcaneal tendon which inserts into calcaneus bone

133
Q

what is the nerve supply of gastrocnemius

A

tibial nerve

134
Q

what is the blood supply of gastrocnemius

A

sural artery & post tibial

135
Q

what is the action of gastrocnemius

A

plantarflexes at ankle joint

136
Q

what is the proximal attachment of plantaris

A

lateral supracondylar line of femur

137
Q

what is the distal attachment of plantaris

A

calcaneal tendon inserts into calcaneus bone

138
Q

what is the nerve supply of plantaris

A

tibial nerve

139
Q

what is the blood supply of plantaris

A

sural artery

140
Q

what is the action of plantaris

A

plantarflexes at ankle joint

141
Q

what is the proximal attachment of soleus

A

soleal line of tibia
proximal fibular area

142
Q

what is the distal attachment of soleus

A

calcaneal tendon inserts into calcaneus bone

143
Q

what is the nerve supply of soleus

A

tibial nerve

144
Q

what is the blood supply of soleus

A

sural artery & post tibial

145
Q

what is the action of soleus

A

plantarflexes foot at ankle joint

146
Q

what is the action of soleus

A

plantarflexes foot at ankle joint

147
Q

what is the proximal attachment of fibularis longus

A

head of fibula & lateral tibial condyle

148
Q

what is the distal attachment of fibularis longus

A

medial cuneiform & base of 1st metacarpal

149
Q

what is the innervation of fibularis longus

A

superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve

150
Q

what is the blood supply of fibularis longus

A

fibular artery

151
Q

what is the action of fibularis longus

A

plantarflexion & foot eversion

152
Q

what is the proximal attachment of fibularis brevis

A

distal 2/3s of fibular shaft surface

153
Q

what is the distal attachment of fibularis brevis

A

tuberosity of 5th metatarsal

154
Q

what is the innervation of fibularis brevis

A

superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve

155
Q

what is the blood supply of fibularis brevis

A

fibular artery

156
Q

what is the action of fibularis brevis

A

plantarflexion & foot eversion

157
Q

what is the proximal attachment of fibularis tertius

A

anterior surface of fibula & tibiofibular ligament

158
Q

what is the distal attachment of fibularis tertius

A

base of metacarpal V

159
Q

what is the innervation of fibularis tertius

A

deep fibular nerve

160
Q

what is the blood supply of fibularis tertius

A

anterior tibial artery

161
Q

what is the action of fibularis tertius

A

dorsiflexion & foot eversion

162
Q

what is the proximal attachment of extensor hallucis longus

A

middle shaft of fibula & interosseous membrane

163
Q

what is the distal attachment of extensor hallucis longus

A

base of distal phalanx of great toe

164
Q

what is the innervation of extensor hallucis longus

A

deep fibular nerve

165
Q

what is the blood supply of extensor hallucis longus

A

anterior tibial artery

166
Q

what is the action of extensor hallucis longus

A

big toe extension
dorsiflexion & inversion of foot

167
Q

what is the proximal attachment of extensor digitorum longus

A

upper tibia & fibula
interosseous membrane

168
Q

what is the distal attachment of extensor digitorum longus

A

tendon splits into 4 & attaches to bases of 4 toes

169
Q

what is the innervation of extensor digitorum longus

A

deep fibular nerve

170
Q

what is the blood supply of extensor digitorum longus

A

anterior tibial artery

171
Q

what is the action of extensor digitorum longus

A

extends digits 2-5 & foot dorsiflexion

172
Q

what is the proximal attachment of tibialis anterior

A

lateral surface of tibia & lateral tibial condyle

173
Q

what is the distal attachment of tibialis anterior

A

medial cuneiform & base of 1st metatarsal

174
Q

what is the innervation of tibialis anterior

A

deep fibular nerve

175
Q

what is the blood supply of tibialis anterior

A

anterior tibial artery

176
Q

what is the action of tibialis anterior

A

dorsiflexion & foot inversion

177
Q

what is the proximal attachment of abductor hallucis

A

calcaneus tuberosity
plantar aponeurosis

178
Q

what is the distal attachment of abductor hallucis

A

proximal phalanx of 1st toe

179
Q

what is the innervation of abductor hallucis

A

medial / lateral plantar nerve

180
Q

what is the blood supply of abductor hallucis

A

medial / lateral plantar artery

181
Q

what is the action of abductor hallucis

A

abducts big toe

182
Q

what is the proximal attachment of abductor digiti minimi

A

calcaneus tuberosity
plantar aponeurosis

183
Q

what is the distal attachment of abductor digiti minimi

A

proximal phalanx of 5th toe

184
Q

what is the innervation of abductor digiti minimi

A

medial / lateral plantar nerve

185
Q

what is the blood supply of abductor digiti minimi

A

medial / lateral plantar artery

186
Q

what is the action of abductor digiti minimi

A

abducts & flexes small toe

187
Q

what is the proximal attachment of flexor digitorum brevis

A

medial tubercle of plantar calcaneus
plantar aponeurosis

188
Q

what is the distal attachment of flexor digitorum brevis

A

medial & lateral sides of middle phalanges 2nd to 5th toes

189
Q

what is the innervation of flexor digitorum brevis

A

medial / lateral plantar nerve

190
Q

what is the blood supply of flexor digitorum brevis

A

medial / lateral plantar artery

191
Q

what is the action of flexor digitorum brevis

A

flexes 2nd - 5th toes

192
Q

what is the proximal attachment of lumbricals

A

from tendons of flexor digitorum longus

193
Q

what is the distal attachment of lumbricals

A

proximal phalanx of 2nd - 4th toes

194
Q

what is the innervation of lumbricals

A

medial / lateral plantar nerve

195
Q

what is the blood supply of lumbricals

A

medial / lateral plantar artery

196
Q

what is the action of lumbricals

A

flexes MCP joint

197
Q

What are the ligaments of the knee joint

A

cruciate ligaments
menisci
tibial collateral ligament
patellar ligament
fibular collateral ligament

198
Q

what are the ligaments of the ankle joint

A

medial & lateral ligaments

199
Q

what is the proximal attachment of popliteus

A

lateral condyle of femur & lateral meniscus

200
Q

what is the distal attachment of popliteus

A

just superior to soleal line on tibia

201
Q

what is the nerve supply of popliteus

A

tibial nerve

202
Q

what is the blood supply of popliteus

A

sural artery

203
Q

what is the action of popliteus

A

laterally rotates femur on tibia

204
Q

what is the proximal attachment of tibialis posterior

A

interosseous membrane between tibia & fibula
posterior surfaces of both bones

205
Q

what is the distal attachment of tibialis posterior

A

navicular tuberosity
adjacent tarsal bones
base of metatarsals

206
Q

what is the nerve supply of tibialis posterior

A

tibial nerve

207
Q

what is the blood supply of tibialis posterior

A

posterior tibial artery

208
Q

what is the action of tibialis posterior

A

inverts & plantarflexes foot
maintains medial arch of foot

209
Q

what is the proximal attachment of flexor digitorum longus

A

medial surface of tibia

210
Q

what is the distal attachment of flexor digitorum longus

A

divides into 4 parts attaching into bases of distal phalanges of 2nd - 5th toes

211
Q

what is the nerve supply of flexor digitorum longus

A

tibial nerve

212
Q

what is the blood supply of flexor digitorum longus

A

posterior tibial artery

213
Q

what is the action of flexor digitorum longus

A

flexes lateral 4 toes

214
Q

what is the proximal attachment of flexor hallucis longus

A

posterior surface of fibula

215
Q

what is the distal attachment of flexor hallucis longus

A

base of distal phalanx of great toe

216
Q

what is the nerve supply of flexor hallucis longus

A

tibial nerve

217
Q

what is the blood supply of flexor hallucis longus

A

posterior tibial artery
fibular artery

218
Q

what is the action of flexor hallucis longus

A

flexes great toe

219
Q

what is the name of flat foot

A

pes planus

220
Q

what is the name of high arch of foot

A

pes cavus

221
Q

What are the continuations of common iliac artery

A

internal iliac > gluteal & obturator arteries

external iliac > femoral artery

222
Q

What are the continuations of femoral artery

A

profunda femoris

circumflex femoral artery (branches from profunda femoris artery)

223
Q

What are the continuations of popliteal artery

A

anterior tibial artery
posterior tibial artery
fibular (peroneal) artery
genicular branches

224
Q

what is the branch from posterior tibial artery

A

fibular (peroneal) artery

225
Q

what is the anterior tibial artery continue to become down to the toes

A

dorsalis pedis artery

226
Q

when does femoral artery become popliteal artery

A

after passing through adductor hiatus to back of knee

227
Q

what are the superficial veins

A

only 2 main veins (both formed from dorsal venous arch of foot and dorsal vein of big toe)
- small saphenous vein
- great saphenous vein

228
Q

what veins drain into external iliac vein

A

3 femoral related veins: CPF
femoral vein, profunda femoris & circumflex femoral vein

229
Q

what veins empty into internal iliac vein

A

superior & inferior gluteal veins

230
Q

what are the nerves of the hip & thigh

A

femoral nerve
saphenous nerve
obturator nerve

231
Q

what are the nerve of popliteal fossa

A

tibial nerve
common fibular nerve

232
Q

what are the nerves of gluteal region

A

inferior & superior gluteal nerves
pudendal nerves
sciatic nerve

233
Q

what are the nerves of the leg

A

tibial nerve
deep fibular nerve
superficial fibular nerve
sural nerve

234
Q

what can be found at popliteal fossa

A

tibial nerve
popliteal vein & artery

235
Q

what does sciatic nerve split to form

A

tibial nerve & common fibular nerve

HSC1007 (18 decks)

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