Notes from KX Flashcards
Which of the following structures is not anterior relation to the trachea
Right atrium
The blood air barrier across which gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of an adult comprise all the following structures except?
Type 2 pneumocytes
A 22 year old student awakens to get ready for classes. When he arises from a lying down to a standing position, changes occur to his lungs. Which of the following describes the alternations that occur in the alveoli at the apex of his lungs compared with those at the bottom of his lungs
Have large radii
A 22 year old student awakens to get ready for classes. When he arises from a lying down to a standing position, changes occur to his lungs. Which of the following describes the alternations that occur in the alveoli at the apex of his lungs compared with those at the bottom of his lungs
Have large radii
What is the interval of the ECG which shows the bundle of His depolarizing
AV nodal delay which is the PQ segment
How many electrodes are used in the recording of 12 lead ECG
10 (4 limb leads + 6 chest leads)
While measuring blood pressure with a sphygmomanometer
Over the brachial artery
Which of the following compounds bring about arteriolar vasconstriction by causing increased contraction of circular smooth muscle in the arteriole
Endothelin
A person exhibiting low oxygen carrying capacity as well as suppression of immunity and coagulation disorder is likely suffering from?
Aplastic anemia
Microcytic, hemorrhagic and iron deficiency wont affect immunity or coagulation
How many oxygen atoms can be transported by each hemoglobin molecule
4
All of the following conditions impair coagulation except
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Heparin is an anti-coagulant drug used for management of clotting disorders by what mechanism
Inhibits conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
Is vitamin B12 required for hemoglobin synthesis
Yes
After losing a fair amount of blood as a result of an accident, one could expect?
Increased reticulocyte count
How is the extrinsic pathway of coagulation activated by
release of tissue factor by damaged endothelial cells
What is the partial pressure of O2 in arterial blood
95 mmHg
What is the amount of air that moves into or out of your lungs during a single respiratory cycle under while watching TV on a sofa
Resting tidal volume
A 35 year old man is noted to have generalized weakness of the respiratory muscles but is otherwise normal. Which of the following lung volumes most likely would be normal
Functional residual capacity (FRC)
FRC is volume of air in the lungs when no muscular effort is being expended
Entirely dependent on balance in elastic forces of the lungs and chest wall
All other volumes depend on muscular effort
What is the functional residual capacity
Determined by a balance between elastic recoil of the lung and chest wall
A 20 year old male patient has been diagnosed with cystic fibrosis. The airway epithelial cells secrete mucus that is more viscous than normal. Which of the following happens as a consequence
Mucus propelled along respiratory tract more slowly
The respiratory rate times the tidal volume per minute, corrected for anatomical dead space is what
Alveolar ventilation rate
In tissues at normal partial pressure of O2, blood entering the venous system contains about what percentage of its total oxygen content
75%
Which physical feature of a large artery makes them more responsive to changes in intracellular calcium concentration
Thick tunica media
Which layer of the heart would be the most immediate susceptible to infection caused by bacteria circulating in the blood
endocardium
Heart valves are covered by endocardium. Circulating bacteria can cause endocarditis
Upon opening up of pericardium by lifting up apex of the heart, a hand slipped in that space will be what
oblique pericardial sinus
Which part allows atria to communicate with ventricles
AV node
A finger placed to the transverse pericardial sinus does what
Separates arteries from veins
