Notes from KX

Question 1

Which of the following structures is not anterior relation to the trachea

Answer 1

Right atrium

Question 2

The blood air barrier across which gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of an adult comprise all the following structures except?

Answer 2

Type 2 pneumocytes

Question 3

A 22 year old student awakens to get ready for classes. When he arises from a lying down to a standing position, changes occur to his lungs. Which of the following describes the alternations that occur in the alveoli at the apex of his lungs compared with those at the bottom of his lungs

Answer 3

Have large radii

Question 3

A 22 year old student awakens to get ready for classes. When he arises from a lying down to a standing position, changes occur to his lungs. Which of the following describes the alternations that occur in the alveoli at the apex of his lungs compared with those at the bottom of his lungs

Answer 3

Have large radii

Question 4

What is the interval of the ECG which shows the bundle of His depolarizing

Answer 4

AV nodal delay which is the PQ segment

Question 5

How many electrodes are used in the recording of 12 lead ECG

Answer 5

10 (4 limb leads + 6 chest leads)

Question 6

While measuring blood pressure with a sphygmomanometer

Answer 6

Over the brachial artery

Question 7

Which of the following compounds bring about arteriolar vasconstriction by causing increased contraction of circular smooth muscle in the arteriole

Answer 7

Endothelin

Question 8

A person exhibiting low oxygen carrying capacity as well as suppression of immunity and coagulation disorder is likely suffering from?

Answer 8

Aplastic anemia

Microcytic, hemorrhagic and iron deficiency wont affect immunity or coagulation

Question 9

How many oxygen atoms can be transported by each hemoglobin molecule

Answer 9

4

Question 10

All of the following conditions impair coagulation except

Answer 10

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Question 11

Heparin is an anti-coagulant drug used for management of clotting disorders by what mechanism

Answer 11

Inhibits conversion of prothrombin to thrombin

Question 12

Is vitamin B12 required for hemoglobin synthesis

Answer 12

Yes

Question 13

After losing a fair amount of blood as a result of an accident, one could expect?

Answer 13

Increased reticulocyte count

Question 14

How is the extrinsic pathway of coagulation activated by

Answer 14

release of tissue factor by damaged endothelial cells

Question 15

What is the partial pressure of O2 in arterial blood

Answer 15

95 mmHg

Question 16

What is the amount of air that moves into or out of your lungs during a single respiratory cycle under while watching TV on a sofa

Answer 16

Resting tidal volume

Question 17

A 35 year old man is noted to have generalized weakness of the respiratory muscles but is otherwise normal. Which of the following lung volumes most likely would be normal

Answer 17

Functional residual capacity (FRC)

FRC is volume of air in the lungs when no muscular effort is being expended

Entirely dependent on balance in elastic forces of the lungs and chest wall

All other volumes depend on muscular effort

Question 18

What is the functional residual capacity

Answer 18

Determined by a balance between elastic recoil of the lung and chest wall

Question 19

A 20 year old male patient has been diagnosed with cystic fibrosis. The airway epithelial cells secrete mucus that is more viscous than normal. Which of the following happens as a consequence

Answer 19

Mucus propelled along respiratory tract more slowly

Question 20

The respiratory rate times the tidal volume per minute, corrected for anatomical dead space is what

Answer 20

Alveolar ventilation rate

Question 21

In tissues at normal partial pressure of O2, blood entering the venous system contains about what percentage of its total oxygen content

Answer 21

75%

Question 22

Which physical feature of a large artery makes them more responsive to changes in intracellular calcium concentration

Answer 22

Thick tunica media

Question 23

Which layer of the heart would be the most immediate susceptible to infection caused by bacteria circulating in the blood

Answer 23

endocardium

Heart valves are covered by endocardium. Circulating bacteria can cause endocarditis

Question 24

Upon opening up of pericardium by lifting up apex of the heart, a hand slipped in that space will be what

Answer 24

oblique pericardial sinus

Question 25

Which part allows atria to communicate with ventricles

Answer 25

AV node

Question 26

A finger placed to the transverse pericardial sinus does what

Answer 26

Separates arteries from veins