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MSK System > Upper Limb Nerve Injuries > Flashcards

Upper Limb Nerve Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

What is the course of the radial nerve?

A

Nerve arises in the axilla posterior to axillary artery
Gives off branches to triceps brachii
Travels down radial groove of the humerus
Travels anterior to lateral epicondyle through cubital fossa
Divides into deep motor and superficial sensory branches

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2
Q

What is the motor function of the radial nerve?

A

Posterior arm

Posterior forearm

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3
Q

What are the sensory functions of the radial nerve?

A

Lower lateral cutaneous nerve of arm
- lateral arm

Posterior cutaneous nerve of arm
- posterior arm

Posterior cutaneous nerve of forearm
- middle of posterior forearm

Superficial branch

  • dorsal lateral 3.5 digits
  • dorsum of hand
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4
Q

What is the effect of radial nerve injury in the axilla?

A

Loss of elbow extension
Loss of wrist extension
Loss of finger extension

Loss of snsation

  • lateral arm
  • posterior arm
  • posterior forearm
  • dorsal surface of lateral 3.5 digits
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5
Q

What is the presentation of a radial nerve injury in the axilla?

A

Wrist drop

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6
Q

What is the effect of radial nerve injury in the radial groove?

A

Loss of wrist extension
Loss of finger extension

Loss of sensation
- dorsal 3.5 digits

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7
Q

What is the presentation of a radial nerve injury in the radial groove?

A

Wrist drop

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8
Q

What is the effect of injury to the superficial branch to the radial nerve?

A

Sensory loss of dorsal lateral 3.5 digits

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9
Q

What is the effect of injury to the deep branch of the radial nerve?

A

Loss of most muscles in posterior forearm

No wrist drop - extensor carpi radialis unaffected

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10
Q

What can cause radial nerve injury in the axilla?

A

Shoulder dislocation
Proximal humerus fracture
Excessive pressure on axilla

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11
Q

What can cause radial nerve injury in the radial groove?

A

Humeral shaft fracture

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12
Q

What can cause injury to the superficial branch of the radial nerve?

A

Stabbing or laceration of forearm

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13
Q

What can cause injury to the deep branch of the radial nerve?

A

Fracture of radial head

Posterior dislocation of radius

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14
Q

What is the course of the median nerve?

A

Originates in axilla
Travels down arm lateral to brachial artery
Crosses brachial artery to enter anterior forearm via cubital fossa
Travels between FDP + FDS
Gives off anterior interosseous nerve + palmar cutaenous nerve
Enters hand via carpal tunnel
Divides into recurrent branch + palmar digital branch

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15
Q

What is the function of the anterior interosseous nerve?

A

Supplies deep muscles in anterior forearm

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16
Q

What is the function of the palmar cutaneous nerve?

A

Innervates skin of lateral palm

17
Q

What is the function of the recurrent branch of the median nerve?

A

Innervates thenar muscles

18
Q

What is the function of the palmar digital branch of the median nerve?

A

Innervates palmar surface of lateral 3.5 digits

19
Q

What are the motor functions of the median nerve?

A

Innervates flexor + pronator muscles in anterior forearm

Innervates thenar muscles

Innervates the lateral 2 lumbricals

20
Q

What are the sensory functions of the median nerve?

A

Lateral palm

Palmar lateral 3.5 digits

21
Q

What can cause median nerve injury at the elbow?

A

Supracondylar fracture of the humerus

22
Q

What is the effect of a median nerve injury at the elbow?

A

Flexors + pronators paralysed - except flexor carpi ulnaris + medial FDP
Loss of thumb flexion
Loss of lateral 2 lumbricals - unable to flex MCPJs or extend IPJs of index and middle fingers

Loss of sensation

  • lateral palm
  • palmar lateral 3.5 digits
23
Q

What are the signs of a median nerve injury at the elbow?

A

Thenar eminence wasted

Constant forearm supination

If tries to make fist - only little + ring fingers can flex

24
Q

What can cause median nerve injury at the wrist?

A

Laceration proximal to flexor retinaculum

25
Q

What is the effect of median nerve injury at the wrist?

A

Loss of thumb opposition
Loss of flexion of index + middle fingers

Loss of sensation

  • lateral palm
  • palmar lateral 3.5 digits
26
Q

What is the course of the ulnar nerve?

A

Originates in axilla
Descends down medial aspect of arm
Passes posterior to medial epicondyle
Pierces the heads of flexor carpi ulnaris and travels deep to muscle
Gives off musclar branch + palmar cutaneous branch + dorsal cutaneous branch
Travels superficial to flexor retinaculum at wrist
Enters hand via Guyon’s canal

27
Q

What is the function of the muscular branch of the ulnar nerve?

A

Innervates flexor carpi ulnaris + FDP

28
Q

What is the function of the palmar cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve?

A

Innervates medial half of palm

29
Q

What is the function of the dorsal cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve?

A

Innervates dorsal surface of medial 1.5 digits

30
Q

What are the motor functions of the ulnar nerve?

A

Innervates the intrinsic hand muscles (except thenar + lateral 2 lumbricals)

Innervates flexor carpi ulnaris

Innervates medial half of FDP

31
Q

What is the sensory function of the ulnar nerve?

A

Innervates anterior + posterior surfaces of the medial 1.5 fingers

32
Q

What can cause ulnar nerve injury at the elbow?

A

Trauma t medial epicondyle

Cubital tunnel compression

33
Q

What is the effect of ulnar nerve injury at the elbow?

A

Flexion of writ can only occur with abduction
Loss of finger adduction/abduction
Loss of movement of ring/little finger
Loss of thumb adduction

Loss of sensation
- medial 1.5 digits

34
Q

What is the sign of ulnar nerve injury at the elbow?

A

Positive Froment sign - cannot grip paper between thumb + finger

Cannot grip paper between fingers

Hypothenar wasting

35
Q

What can cause injury to the ulnar nerve at the wrist?

A

Laceration to anterior wrist

36
Q

What are the effects of ulnar nerve injury at the wrist?

A

Loss of abduction + adduction of fingers
Loss of movement of ring/little fingers
Loss of thumb adduction

Loss of sensation
- palmar medial 1.5 digits

37
Q

What is the sign of ulnar nerve injury at the wrist?

A

Positive Froment sign - cannot grip paper between thumb + finger

Cannot grip paper between fingers

Hypothenar wasting

38
Q

What are the signs of musculocutaneous nerve injury?

A

Weak shoulder + elbow flexion

Loss of sensation over lateral forearm

39
Q

What are signs of axillary nerve injury?

A

Loss of abduction

Loss of sensation over regimental badge area

MSK System (25 decks)

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