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MSK System > Hand + Wrist > Flashcards

Hand + Wrist Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different bone types in the hands?

A

Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges

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2
Q

What movements are possible at the wrist?

A 
Flexion 
Extension 
Radial deviation 
Ulnar deviation 
Pronation 
Supination
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3
Q

What movements are possible by the fingers?

A 
Flexion 
Extension 
Abduction 
Adduction 
Opposition
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4
Q

What movements are possible by the thumb?

A 
Flexion 
Extension 
Abduction 
Adduction 
Opposition 
Retroposition 
Retropulsion
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5
Q

What is the function of the index and middle finger?

A

Stability

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6
Q

What is the function of the ring and little finger?

A

Strength

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7
Q

What is the function of the thumb?

A

Precision

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8
Q

What are the carpal bones?

A 
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetral 
Pisiform
Hamate 
Capitate
Trapezoid 
Trapezium
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9
Q

Which bones make up the most proximal row of the carpals? (lateral to medial)

A

Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetral
Pisiform

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10
Q

Which bones make up the most proximal row of the carpals? (medial to lateral)

A

Hamate
Capitate
Trapezoid
Trapezium

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11
Q

What fills the gap between the carpals and distal radioulnar joint?

A

Radioulnar ligament

Ulnocarpal ligaments

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12
Q

What are the intrinsic hand muscles?

A 
Thenar muscles 
Hypothenar muscles 
Interossei 
Lumbricals 
Thumb adductor
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13
Q

What do thenar muscles control?

A

Thumb

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14
Q

What do hypothenar muscles control?

A

Little finger

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15
Q

Where are the extrinsic flexors found?

A

Proximal to wrist in the volar aspect of forearm

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16
Q

What are the actions of the extrinsic flexors?

A

Pronate forearm
Flex wrist
Flex fingers

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17
Q

How are the extrinsic flexors organised?

A

Arranged in three layers - deeper you go = more distal action

18
Q

Where does layer 1 of the extrinsic flexors originate?

A

Medial epicondyle (most superficial layer)

19
Q

What muscles are in layer 1 of the extrinsic flexors?

A

Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris

20
Q

What muscle makes up layer 2 of the extrinsic flexors?

A

Flexor digitorum supeficialis

21
Q

What is the origin of layer 2 of the extrinsic flexors?

A

Medial epicondyle
Radius
Ulna

22
Q

Where does layer 2 of the extrinsic flexors insert?

A

Middle phalanges of the fingers

23
Q

What muscles make up layer 3 of the extrinsic flexors?

A

Flexor digitorum profundus

Flexor pollicis longus

24
Q

How do the extrinsic flexors cross the wrist?

A

In the carpal tunnel

25
Q

Where are the extrinsic extensors found?

A

Proximal to wrist in the dorsal aspect of forearm

26
Q

What are the actions of the extrinsic extensors?

A

Supinate
Extend wrist
Extend fingers

27
Q

What muscles make up the extrinsic extensors?

A 
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor carpi ulnaris 
Extensor digitorum 
Extensor indicis 
Extensor digiti minimi 
Extensor pollicis brevis 
Extensor pollicis longus 
Abductor pollicis longus
28
Q

What is the action of the lumbricals?

A

Allow opposing movements at neighbouring joints

29
Q

What is the action of dorsal interossei?

A

Abduct

30
Q

What is the action of the ventral interossei?

A

Adduct

31
Q

How do you tell the difference between the dorsal and ventral interossei?

A 
Dorsal = bipennate
Ventral = unipennate
32
Q

What muscles are thenar muscles?

A

Flexor pollicis breis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Opponens pollicis brevis

33
Q

What is the main function of the thenar muscles?

A

Opposition

34
Q

What muscles are the hypothenar muscles?

A

Flexor digiti minimi
Abductor digiti minimi
Opponens digiti minimi

35
Q

What is the main function of the hypothenar muscles?

A

Power grip

36
Q

What is the blood supply to the hand?

A

Ulnar artery to deep palmar arch

37
Q

What nerves supply to the extrinsic muscles?

A

Radial nerve = posterior compartment
Ulnar nerve = FCU, ulnar half of FDP
Median nerve = everything else

38
Q

What nerves supply to the intrinsic muscles?

A

Median nerve

  • radial lumbirals
  • opponens pollicis
  • abductor pollicis brevis
  • superficial head of flexor pollicis brevis

Ulnar nerve

  • ulnar lumbricals
  • interossei
  • hypothenar muscles
  • adductor pollicis
  • deep head of flexor pollicis brevis
39
Q

What is the ulnar nerve sensation supply to the hand?

A

Little finger

Medial half of ring finger

40
Q

What is the median nerve sensation supply to the hand?

A

Finger tips

Palmar surface of the hand

41
Q

What is the ulnar nerve sensation supply to the hand?

A

Dorsal surface of hand

MSK System (25 decks)

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