Hand + Wrist Flashcards
What are the different bone types in the hands?
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
What movements are possible at the wrist?
Flexion Extension Radial deviation Ulnar deviation Pronation Supination
What movements are possible by the fingers?
Flexion Extension Abduction Adduction Opposition
What movements are possible by the thumb?
Flexion Extension Abduction Adduction Opposition Retroposition Retropulsion
What is the function of the index and middle finger?
Stability
What is the function of the ring and little finger?
Strength
What is the function of the thumb?
Precision
What are the carpal bones?
Scaphoid Lunate Triquetral Pisiform Hamate Capitate Trapezoid Trapezium
Which bones make up the most proximal row of the carpals? (lateral to medial)
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetral
Pisiform
Which bones make up the most proximal row of the carpals? (medial to lateral)
Hamate
Capitate
Trapezoid
Trapezium
What fills the gap between the carpals and distal radioulnar joint?
Radioulnar ligament
Ulnocarpal ligaments
What are the intrinsic hand muscles?
Thenar muscles Hypothenar muscles Interossei Lumbricals Thumb adductor
What do thenar muscles control?
Thumb
What do hypothenar muscles control?
Little finger
Where are the extrinsic flexors found?
Proximal to wrist in the volar aspect of forearm
What are the actions of the extrinsic flexors?
Pronate forearm
Flex wrist
Flex fingers
How are the extrinsic flexors organised?
Arranged in three layers - deeper you go = more distal action
Where does layer 1 of the extrinsic flexors originate?
Medial epicondyle (most superficial layer)
What muscles are in layer 1 of the extrinsic flexors?
Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
What muscle makes up layer 2 of the extrinsic flexors?
Flexor digitorum supeficialis
What is the origin of layer 2 of the extrinsic flexors?
Medial epicondyle
Radius
Ulna
Where does layer 2 of the extrinsic flexors insert?
Middle phalanges of the fingers
What muscles make up layer 3 of the extrinsic flexors?
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
How do the extrinsic flexors cross the wrist?
In the carpal tunnel
Where are the extrinsic extensors found?
Proximal to wrist in the dorsal aspect of forearm
What are the actions of the extrinsic extensors?
Supinate
Extend wrist
Extend fingers
What muscles make up the extrinsic extensors?
Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor carpi ulnaris Extensor digitorum Extensor indicis Extensor digiti minimi Extensor pollicis brevis Extensor pollicis longus Abductor pollicis longus
What is the action of the lumbricals?
Allow opposing movements at neighbouring joints
What is the action of dorsal interossei?
Abduct
What is the action of the ventral interossei?
Adduct
How do you tell the difference between the dorsal and ventral interossei?
Dorsal = bipennate Ventral = unipennate
What muscles are thenar muscles?
Flexor pollicis breis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Opponens pollicis brevis
What is the main function of the thenar muscles?
Opposition
What muscles are the hypothenar muscles?
Flexor digiti minimi
Abductor digiti minimi
Opponens digiti minimi
What is the main function of the hypothenar muscles?
Power grip
What is the blood supply to the hand?
Ulnar artery to deep palmar arch
What nerves supply to the extrinsic muscles?
Radial nerve = posterior compartment
Ulnar nerve = FCU, ulnar half of FDP
Median nerve = everything else
What nerves supply to the intrinsic muscles?
Median nerve
- radial lumbirals
- opponens pollicis
- abductor pollicis brevis
- superficial head of flexor pollicis brevis
Ulnar nerve
- ulnar lumbricals
- interossei
- hypothenar muscles
- adductor pollicis
- deep head of flexor pollicis brevis
What is the ulnar nerve sensation supply to the hand?
Little finger
Medial half of ring finger
What is the median nerve sensation supply to the hand?
Finger tips
Palmar surface of the hand
What is the ulnar nerve sensation supply to the hand?
Dorsal surface of hand
