Hand + Wrist

Question 1

What are the different bone types in the hands?

Answer 1

Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges

Question 2

What movements are possible at the wrist?

Answer 2

Flexion 
Extension 
Radial deviation 
Ulnar deviation 
Pronation 
Supination

Question 3

What movements are possible by the fingers?

Answer 3

Flexion 
Extension 
Abduction 
Adduction 
Opposition

Question 4

What movements are possible by the thumb?

Answer 4

Flexion 
Extension 
Abduction 
Adduction 
Opposition 
Retroposition 
Retropulsion

Question 5

What is the function of the index and middle finger?

Answer 5

Stability

Question 6

What is the function of the ring and little finger?

Answer 6

Strength

Question 7

What is the function of the thumb?

Answer 7

Precision

Question 8

What are the carpal bones?

Answer 8

Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetral 
Pisiform
Hamate 
Capitate
Trapezoid 
Trapezium

Question 9

Which bones make up the most proximal row of the carpals? (lateral to medial)

Answer 9

Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetral
Pisiform

Question 10

Which bones make up the most proximal row of the carpals? (medial to lateral)

Answer 10

Hamate
Capitate
Trapezoid
Trapezium

Question 11

What fills the gap between the carpals and distal radioulnar joint?

Answer 11

Radioulnar ligament

Ulnocarpal ligaments

Question 12

What are the intrinsic hand muscles?

Answer 12

Thenar muscles 
Hypothenar muscles 
Interossei 
Lumbricals 
Thumb adductor

Question 13

What do thenar muscles control?

Answer 13

Thumb

Question 14

What do hypothenar muscles control?

Answer 14

Little finger

Question 15

Where are the extrinsic flexors found?

Answer 15

Proximal to wrist in the volar aspect of forearm

Question 16

What are the actions of the extrinsic flexors?

Answer 16

Pronate forearm
Flex wrist
Flex fingers

Question 17

How are the extrinsic flexors organised?

Answer 17

Arranged in three layers - deeper you go = more distal action

Question 18

Where does layer 1 of the extrinsic flexors originate?

Answer 18

Medial epicondyle (most superficial layer)

Question 19

What muscles are in layer 1 of the extrinsic flexors?

Answer 19

Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 20

What muscle makes up layer 2 of the extrinsic flexors?

Answer 20

Flexor digitorum supeficialis

Question 21

What is the origin of layer 2 of the extrinsic flexors?

Answer 21

Medial epicondyle
Radius
Ulna

Question 22

Where does layer 2 of the extrinsic flexors insert?

Answer 22

Middle phalanges of the fingers

Question 23

What muscles make up layer 3 of the extrinsic flexors?

Answer 23

Flexor digitorum profundus

Flexor pollicis longus

Question 24

How do the extrinsic flexors cross the wrist?

Answer 24

In the carpal tunnel

Question 25

Where are the extrinsic extensors found?

Answer 25

Proximal to wrist in the dorsal aspect of forearm

Question 26

What are the actions of the extrinsic extensors?

Answer 26

Supinate Extend wrist Extend fingers

Question 27

What muscles make up the extrinsic extensors?

Answer 27

``` Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor carpi ulnaris Extensor digitorum Extensor indicis Extensor digiti minimi Extensor pollicis brevis Extensor pollicis longus Abductor pollicis longus ```

Question 28

What is the action of the lumbricals?

Answer 28

Allow opposing movements at neighbouring joints

Question 29

What is the action of dorsal interossei?

Answer 29

Abduct

Question 30

What is the action of the ventral interossei?

Answer 30

Adduct

Question 31

How do you tell the difference between the dorsal and ventral interossei?

Answer 31

``` Dorsal = bipennate Ventral = unipennate ```

Question 32

What muscles are thenar muscles?

Answer 32

Flexor pollicis breis Abductor pollicis brevis Opponens pollicis brevis

Question 33

What is the main function of the thenar muscles?

Answer 33

Opposition

Question 34

What muscles are the hypothenar muscles?

Answer 34

Flexor digiti minimi Abductor digiti minimi Opponens digiti minimi

Question 35

What is the main function of the hypothenar muscles?

Answer 35

Power grip

Question 36

What is the blood supply to the hand?

Answer 36

Ulnar artery to deep palmar arch

Question 37

What nerves supply to the extrinsic muscles?

Answer 37

Radial nerve = posterior compartment Ulnar nerve = FCU, ulnar half of FDP Median nerve = everything else

Question 38

What nerves supply to the intrinsic muscles?

Answer 38

Median nerve - radial lumbirals - opponens pollicis - abductor pollicis brevis - superficial head of flexor pollicis brevis Ulnar nerve - ulnar lumbricals - interossei - hypothenar muscles - adductor pollicis - deep head of flexor pollicis brevis

Question 39

What is the ulnar nerve sensation supply to the hand?

Answer 39

Little finger | Medial half of ring finger

Question 40

What is the median nerve sensation supply to the hand?

Answer 40

Finger tips | Palmar surface of the hand

Question 41

What is the ulnar nerve sensation supply to the hand?

Answer 41

Dorsal surface of hand