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MSK System > Gait > Flashcards

Gait Flashcards

1
Q

What is gait?

A

Mechanism by which the body is transported using coordinated movements of the major lower limb joints

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2
Q

What are the features of a normal gait?

A 
Stability in stance
Foot clearance in swing 
Pre-positioning for initial contact
Adequate step length 
Energy conservation
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3
Q

What is a gait cycle?

A

Period of time of from initial contact to next initial contact on the same side

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4
Q

What are the phases of the gait cycle?

A

Stance phase

Swing phase

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5
Q

What makes up the stance phase?

A 
Initial contact (heel strike)
Loading response (weight transfer)
Mid-stance (flat foot)
Terminal stance (heel off)
Pre-swing (toe off)
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6
Q

What makes up the swing phase?

A

Initial swing
Mid-swing
Terminal swing

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7
Q

What is a stride?

A

Distance from right initial contact to right initial contact

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8
Q

What is a step?

A

Distance from right initial contact to left initial contact

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9
Q

What is cadence?

A

Number of steps per minute

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10
Q

How can gait be analysed?

A

Kinematics - describes motion

Kinetics - describes thing that cause motion

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11
Q

What are some pathological gaits?

A 
Antalgic 
Trendelenburg 
Hemiplegic 
Diplegic 
High steppage
Parkinsonian 
Ataxic
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12
Q

What is an antalgic gait?

A

Limp

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13
Q

What are the features of an antalgic gait?

A

Short stance gait in affected leg

Short swing phase in unaffected leg

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14
Q

What is a Trendelenberg gait?

A

Hip drop gait

Hip abductor weakness

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15
Q

What are the features of a Trendelenberg gait?

A

Pelvis drops on affected side in stance phase

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16
Q

What causes a hemiplegic gait?

A

Hemi-brain injury

  • stroke
  • cerebral palsy
  • trauma
17
Q

What are the features of a hemiplegic gait?

A

Flexed upper limb
Extended lower limb
Short step unaffected leg
Circumduction affected leg

18
Q

What causes a diplegic gait?

A

Neuromuscular disorders

Tight muscle groups

  • psoas
  • adductors
  • hamstrings
19
Q

What are the features of a diplegic gait?

A

Ankles plantar-flexed

Forefoot = initial contact

20
Q

What causes a high steppage gait?

A

Foot drop

  • sciatics
  • common peroneal nerve palsy
  • neuromuscular disorders
21
Q

What are the features of a high steppage gait?

A

Toes hanging down
Excessive hip flexion on affected side
Foot slap

22
Q

What causes a Parkinsonian gait?

A

Neurological disease - Parkinson’s

23
Q

What are the features of a Parkinsonian gait?

A 
Hard to initiate movement 
Short step 
Shuffling
Forward flexed
No arm swing
24
Q

What causes an ataxic gait?

A

Cerebellar disorders

25
Q

What are the features of an ataxic gait?

A

Broad based
Incoordinated
‘Drunk’

MSK System (25 decks)

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