Ankle + Foot Conditions Flashcards
What X-Ray view is used to assess ankle fractures?
Mortise view
What is the mechanism of ankle fractures?
Inversion
Eversion
What is an unstable ankle fracture?
Bone no longer in correct alignment
How is a stable ankle fracture managed?
Cast/boot for comfort
Weight bear
How is an unstable ankle fracture managed?
Surgical stabilisation
What is an ankle sprain?
Partial/complete tear of one or more ankle ligaments
What is a common complication of ankle sprains?
5th metatarsal avulsion fracture
What is an avulsion fracture?
Bone pulled off by tendon/ligament
Who tends to get an achilles tendon rupture and why?
Middle aged
- decreased capillary density
- decreased elastin = more stiff
- decreased collagen synthesis
What test is used to assess achilles tendon rupture?
Thompson’s test
Patient kneels on chair
Squeeze calf
Foot should lift
What is a valgus deformity?
Deviation of the distal limb away from the midline
What is a varus deformity?
Deviation of the distal limb towards the midline
What is hallux valgus also known as?
Bunions
What is hallux valgus?
Medial deviation of 1st metatarsal - end of the toe points away
What can cause hallux valgus?
Genetic factors
Ligamental laxity
Shoe choices
How can hallux valgus be managed?
Change shoes - comfort
Surgical re-alignment of great toe bone = metatarsal osteotomy
What is hallux rigidus?
OA of the 1st MTPJ
How does hallux rigidus present?
Pain in MTPJ
Lump over joint
What is a claw toe?
Hyperextension at MTPJ
Flexed at PIPJ
What is a Hammer toe?
Flexed at PIPJ
What is a mallet toe?
Flexed at DIPJ
What is achilles tendinopathy?
Degenerative non inflammatory process
Can be insertional or non-insertional
What can cause achilles tendinopathy?
Overuse syndrome
Poor training in athletes
Obesity
What is charcot arthropathy?
Destruction of bones and soft tissue
