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MSK System > Knee Conditions > Flashcards

Knee Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mechanism of femoral shaft fractures?

A

High energy injury

  • RTA
  • fall from height
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2
Q

What are the common sites of a femoral shaft fracture?

A

Proximal
Mid-shaft
Supracondylar

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3
Q

What happens to the proximal fragment in a femoral shaft fracture?

A

Abducted - gluteus medius/minimus

Flexed - iliopsoas

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4
Q

What happens to the distal fragment in a femoral shaft fracture?

A

Adducted - adductor magnus + gracilus

Extended - gastrocnemius

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5
Q

How is a femoral shaft fracture managed?

A

Traction splint

Surgical fixation

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6
Q

What is the mechanism of a tibial plateau fracture?

A

High energy injury

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7
Q

What is the mechanism of a patella fracture?

A

Direct or indirect force

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8
Q

How is a displaced patella fracture managed?

A

Reduce and fix

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9
Q

How is an undisplaced patella fracture managed?

A

Splint + protect

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10
Q

What direction is a patella commonly dislocated?

A

Laterally

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11
Q

What is the mechanism for a patella dislocation?

A

Fall on bent knee

Twisting action in small knee bend

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12
Q

What are predispositions for patella dislocation?

A

Ligamental laxity
Shallow groove
Long patellar tendon
Previous dislocations

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13
Q

What is the mechanism for meniscal injuries?

A

Twisting injury in high flexion

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14
Q

What are symptoms of meniscal injuries?

A

Localised pain
Swelling
Mechanical symptoms - catching, jamming

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15
Q

What is the mechanism for collateral ligament injuries?

A

Contact / direct blow

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16
Q

What is the mechanism for a ACL injury?

A

Direction change injury

17
Q

Where is the tibia displaced in an ACL injury?

A

Tibia displaced anteriorly

18
Q

How is an ACL injury managed?

A

Rehabilitation

+/- surgical reconstruction

19
Q

What is the mechanism for a PCL injury?

A

Fall onto knee

Hyperextension

20
Q

Where is the tibia displaced in a PCL injury?

A

Tibia displaced posteriorly

21
Q

How is a PCL injury managed?

A

Brace + rehabilitation

22
Q

What is the unhappy triad?

A

Injury to

  • ACL
  • medial meniscus
  • medial collateral ligament
23
Q

What can cause an acute knee effusion?

A

Haemarthrosis

Lipo-haemarthrosis

24
Q

What causes acute haemarthrosis?

A

ACL injury until proven otherwise

25
Q

What causes acute lipo-haemarthrosis?

A

Fracture until proven otherwise

26
Q

What are bursae?

A

Fluid filled sac protecting bony prominences

27
Q

What is bursitis?

A

Inflammation of a bursa

28
Q

What is pre-patella bursitis also known as?

A

Housemaids knee

29
Q

What is infra-patella bursitis also known as?

A

Clergyman’s knee

30
Q

What causes bursitis?

A

Chronic mechanical irritation

31
Q

What is septic arthritis?

A

Invasion of a joint space by microorganisms

MSK System (25 decks)

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