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MSK System > Basic Concepts > Flashcards

Basic Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of bone?

A 
Support
Protection 
Metabolic 
Storage
Movement 
Haematopoiesis
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2
Q

What is the metabolic function of bone?

A

Produces calcium + phosphate

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3
Q

What is the storage function of bone

A

Stores

  • calcium
  • phosphate
  • protein
  • fat
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4
Q

What are the main cells in bone?

A

Osteocytes
Osteoblasts
Osteoclasts

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5
Q

What are osteoblasts?

A

Cells that build up bone

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6
Q

What are osteoclasts?

A

Cells that break down bone

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7
Q

What are osteocytes?

A

Osteoblasts trapped in their own material

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8
Q

How are bones classified?

A 
Long bones
Short bones
Flat bones
Sesamoid bones 
Irregular bones
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9
Q

What is the function of long bones?

A

Act as levers

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10
Q

What is the function of short bones?

A

Work together to form a range of movements

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11
Q

What is the function of flat bones?

A

Protection

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12
Q

What is the function of sesamoid bones?

A

Protection

Movement

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13
Q

What is a sesamoid bone?

A

Bone that forms within a tendon

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14
Q

What are the main arteries in bone?

A

Periosteal arteries

Nutrient arteries

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15
Q

What do periosteal arteries supply?

A

Peripheral surfaces

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16
Q

What do nutrient arteries supply?

A

Deep bone

17
Q

How are joints classified?

A

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

18
Q

What are fibrous joints?

A

Collagen fibres joining bones - very limited mobility

Found where strength/stability required

19
Q

What are cartilaginous joints?

A

Cartilage joins bones - limited mobility

Found at the edge of growing bones or in the midline of the adult body

20
Q

What are synovial joints?

A

Bones are capped by a smooth articular cartilage with a thin film of synovial fluid separating them

Found all over the body

21
Q

What are the types of synovial joints?

A 
Plane - between 2 flat sheets
Hinge - movement in one plane 
Pivot - rotates around long axis 
Saddle 
Ball and socket
22
Q

What is a muscle’s origin?

A

Stationary proximal anchor point

23
Q

What is a muscle’s insertion?

A

Mobile distal attachment point

24
Q

Do muscles push or pull?

A

Muscles can only pull

25
Q

How can you work out the direction of a muscle’s action?

A

Direction of fibres

26
Q

What are the types of muscle?

A 
Parallel 
Fusiform 
Circular 
Triangular 
Pennate
27
Q

What does a tendon connect?

A

Muscle -> bone

28
Q

What does a ligament connect?

A

Bone -> bone

29
Q

What is an aponeurosis?

A

Flat sheet of connective tissue

MSK System (25 decks)

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