Basic Concepts Flashcards
What are the functions of bone?
Support Protection Metabolic Storage Movement Haematopoiesis
What is the metabolic function of bone?
Produces calcium + phosphate
What is the storage function of bone
Stores
- calcium
- phosphate
- protein
- fat
What are the main cells in bone?
Osteocytes
Osteoblasts
Osteoclasts
What are osteoblasts?
Cells that build up bone
What are osteoclasts?
Cells that break down bone
What are osteocytes?
Osteoblasts trapped in their own material
How are bones classified?
Long bones Short bones Flat bones Sesamoid bones Irregular bones
What is the function of long bones?
Act as levers
What is the function of short bones?
Work together to form a range of movements
What is the function of flat bones?
Protection
What is the function of sesamoid bones?
Protection
Movement
What is a sesamoid bone?
Bone that forms within a tendon
What are the main arteries in bone?
Periosteal arteries
Nutrient arteries
What do periosteal arteries supply?
Peripheral surfaces
What do nutrient arteries supply?
Deep bone
How are joints classified?
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial
What are fibrous joints?
Collagen fibres joining bones - very limited mobility
Found where strength/stability required
What are cartilaginous joints?
Cartilage joins bones - limited mobility
Found at the edge of growing bones or in the midline of the adult body
What are synovial joints?
Bones are capped by a smooth articular cartilage with a thin film of synovial fluid separating them
Found all over the body
What are the types of synovial joints?
Plane - between 2 flat sheets Hinge - movement in one plane Pivot - rotates around long axis Saddle Ball and socket
What is a muscle’s origin?
Stationary proximal anchor point
What is a muscle’s insertion?
Mobile distal attachment point
Do muscles push or pull?
Muscles can only pull
How can you work out the direction of a muscle’s action?
Direction of fibres
What are the types of muscle?
Parallel Fusiform Circular Triangular Pennate
What does a tendon connect?
Muscle -> bone
What does a ligament connect?
Bone -> bone
What is an aponeurosis?
Flat sheet of connective tissue
