Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK System > Lumbar Conditions > Flashcards

Lumbar Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

What is mechanical back pain?

A

Pain when the spine is loaded - sitting/standing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What can worsen mechanical back pain?

A

Exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What can predispose you to mechanical back pain?

A

Overweight
Unhealthy lifestyle
Deconditioned core muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are age related changes to the lumbar spine?

A

Nucleus pulposus dehydrated with age
Loss of disc height -> disc bulge
Change in load stresses on discs -> reactive marginal osteophytosis next to affected endplates
Syndesmophytes
Increases load stress on facet jonts -> facte joint OA
Decreased size of foramens -> compression of cauda equina/spinal nerve roots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are syndesmophytes?

A

Bony growths originating inside a ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What causes pain in facet joint OA?

A

It is innervates by the meningeal branch of the spinal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the stages of a slipped intervertebral disc?

A

Prolapse
Extrusion
Sequestration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happens in the prolapse stage?

A

Protrusion of the nucleus pulposus with slight impingement into the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happens in the extrusion stage?

A

Nucleus pulposus breaks through annulus fibrosus but remains in the disc space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What happens in the sequestration stage?

A

Nucleus pulposus breaks through the annulus fibrosus and separates form the main body of the disc in the spinal canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the common levels for a prolapsed disc?

A

L4/5

L5/S1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the types of disc prolapse?

A

Paracentral - most common
Far central
Canal filling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What direction does the disc normally prolapse?

A

Posterolaterally - causes compression of spinal nerve roots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is sciatica?

A

Compression of the nerve roots which contribute to the sciatic nerve - leads to pain/paraesthesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which nerve roots contribute to the sciatic nerve?

A 
L4
L5
S1
S2
S3
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the main types of sciatica?

A

L4
L5
S1

17
Q

What is affected by L4 sciatica?

A

Anterior thigh
Anterior knee
Medial shin

18
Q

What is affected by L5 sciatica?

A

Lateral thigh
Lateral calf
Dorsum of foot

19
Q

What is affected by S1 sciatica?

A

Posterior thigh
Posterior calf
Heel
Sole of foot

20
Q

What is cauda equina syndrome?

A

Compression of the cauda equina

21
Q

What are the symptoms of cauda equina syndrome?

A

Bilateral sciatica
Perianal numbness - saddle anaesthesia
Painless urine retention
Urinary/faecal incontinence

22
Q

What is lumbar canal stenosis?

A

Narrowing of the lumbar spinal canal

23
Q

What is claudication?

A

Pain in legs when walking

Can be

  • neurogenic
  • vascular
24
Q

What is spondylolisthesis?

A

A slip on one vertebrae onto another

25
Q

What causes spondylolisthesis?

A

Abnormality in the vertebral arch

26
Q

What are the types of spondylolisthesis?

A 
Dysplastic 
Isthmic 
Degenerative
Iatrogenic 
Pathological
27
Q

What is dysplastic spondylolisthesis?

A

Abnormality in facet joint

28
Q

What is isthmic spondylolisthesis?

A

Abnormality in pars interarticlaris

Causes back pain in adolescents

29
Q

What is degenerative spondylolisthesis?

A

Facet joint arthritis

Affects middle aged ladies

30
Q

What is iatrogenic spondylolisthesis?

A

Remove too much lamina and facet joint surgically

31
Q

What is pathological spondylolisthesis?

A

Tumour affecting the neural arch

32
Q

What levels do lumbar punctures take place at?

A

L3/4

L4/5

33
Q

What structures will the needle pass through in a lumbar puncture?

A 
Skin 
Subcutaneous tissue
Supraspinous ligament 
Interspinous ligament 
Ligamentum flavum 
Epidural fat
Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Subarachnoid space

MSK System (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions