Hip Conditions Flashcards
What are classifications of OA?
Primary
Secondary
What is the cause of primary OA?
Unknown
What are risk factors for primary OA?
Increasing age Female Ethnicity Nutrition Genetics
What causes secondary OA?
Obesity Trauma Malalignment Infection Inflammation
What is the pathophysiology of OA?
Excessive loading of the joint
Damage to articular cartilage
Increased proteoglycan synthesis by chondrocytes
Flaking/fibrillation of articular cartilage
Erosion of cartilage to subchondral bone
Vascular invasion
Cystic degeneration of bone
Increased osteophytes
What ate the X-ray features of OA?
Loss of joint space
Osteophytes
Subchondral cysts
Subchondral sclerosis
What are symptoms of hip OA?
Joint stiffness
Pain/swelling in the joint
Crepitus
How is hip OA managed conservatively?
Activity modification
Weight loss
Physical therapy
How is hip OA managed medical?
NSAIDs
COX-2 inhibitors
Corticosteroid injections
How is hip OA managed surgically?
Hip replacement
What are symptoms of a hip fracture?
Reduced mobility
Inability to weight bear
Pain
Leg shortened + externally rotated
What is a risk of a hip fracture?
Avascular necrosis
What are the types of hip dislocation?
Posterior
Anterior
Central
What is the appearance of a posteriorly dislocated hip?
Shortened
Internally rotated
Adducted
Flexed
What is the appearance of an anteriorly dislocated hip?
Externally rotated
Abducted
Slightly flexed
