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MSK System > Shoulder Conditions > Flashcards

Shoulder Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of shoulder dislocation?

A

Anterior
Posterior
Inferior

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2
Q

What is the most common type of shoulder dislocation?

A

Anterior

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3
Q

What are the subtypes of anterior dislocations?

A

Subcoracoid

Subglenoid

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4
Q

What is a subcoracoid dislocation?

A

Head of humerus lies anterior to glenoid fossa, inferior to coracoid

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5
Q

What is a subglenoid dislocation?

A

Head of humerus lies antero-inferior to glenoid

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6
Q

How does an anterior dislocation occur?

A

Humeral head dislocates antero-inferiorly
Disruption of gleno-humeral ligaments

Head pulled anteriorly by muscles

  • subscapularis
  • pec major
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7
Q

What is the mechanism of an anterior dislocation?

A

‘Hand behind head’

  • abduction
  • external rotation

Direct blow to posterior shoulder

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8
Q

What is the clinical presentation of an anterior dislocation?

A

Arm = slightly abducted
Flattened shoulder
Acromion prominent

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9
Q

What is a Bankart lesion?

A

Tear of glenoid labrum +/- glenoid fracture

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10
Q

What is a Hill-Sachs lesion?

A

Indention fracture of posterior humeral head against anterior lip of glenoid fossa

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11
Q

What is the mechanism of a posterior dislocation?

A

Violent muscle contraction
Blow to anterior shoulder
Arms flexed across body and pushed posteriorly

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12
Q

What is the clinical presentation of a posterior dislocation?

A

Squaring of shoulder
Arm = adducted + internally rotated
Prominent coracoid process anteriorly

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13
Q

What is the mechanism of an inferior dislocaton?

A

Hyperadduction injury

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14
Q

What are complications of shoulder disslocation?

A 
Recurrent dislocation 
Axillary artery damage
Nerve injuries 
Fractures 
Rotator cuff tears
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15
Q

Which part of the clavicle is most likely to fracture?

A

Middle 1/3

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16
Q

What is the common mechanism for a clavicle fracture?

A

FOOSH

17
Q

What happens to the medial segment of the clavicle?

A

Elevated by SCM

18
Q

What happens to the lateral segment of the clavicle ?

A

Depressed as trapezius unable to hold it up

19
Q

What happens to the arm in a clavicle fracture?

A

Pulled medially by pec major

20
Q

How is a clavicle fracture managed?

A

Most managed conservatively

21
Q

What are indications for surgical fixation of a clavicle fracture?

A 
Complete displacement
Severe displacement - with skin tenting 
Open fracture 
Neurovascular compromise 
Floating shoulder
22
Q

What is a floating shoulder?

A

Clavicle fracture + glenoid neck fracture

23
Q

What are complications of a clavicle fracture?

A

Non-union
Malunion
Infection

Nerve damage

  • suprascapular
  • supraclavicular

Damage to apex of lung = pneumothorax

24
Q

What is a rotator cuff tear?

A

Tear of one or more rotator cuff tendon

25
Q

What is the most common site of rotator cuff tear?

A

Supraspinatus under coracoacromial arch

26
Q

What are risk factors for a rotator cuff tear?

A 
Increasing age
Recurrent overhead activity 
Recurrent heavy lifting 
OA of shoulder 
Abnormally shaped acromion
27
Q

What is the clinical presentation of a supraspinatus tear?

A

Anterolateral shoulder pain

Brought on by activity

Weakness of shoulder abduction

28
Q

What is impingement syndrome?

A

Rotator cuff tendons rub on coracoacromial arch

29
Q

What causes impingement syndorme?

A

Narrowing of subacromial space

  • thickening of coracoacromial ligament
  • inflammation of supraspinatus ligament
  • subacromial osteophytes
30
Q

What are the symptoms of impingement syndrome?

A

Pain
Weakness
Reduced range of movement

31
Q

What is the painful arc?

A

60-120 degrees

32
Q

What is calcific supraspinatus tendonitis?

A

Hydroxyapatite crystals in supraspinatus tendon

33
Q

What is adhesive capsulitis also known as?

A

Frozen shoulder

34
Q

What is adhesive capsulitis?

A

Glenohumeral joint is inflammed and stiff

35
Q

What are risk factors for adhesive capsulitis?

A 
Female 
Shoulder trauma 
Epilepsy with tonic seizures
Diabetes mellitus 
Connective tissue disease
36
Q

How is adhesive capsulitis managed?

A

Physio
Analgesia
Anti-inflammatory treatment

MSK System (25 decks)

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