Upper GI Pathology Flashcards
histo of the oesophagus
submucosal glands but no goblet cells
what is the z line
in esophagus when strat sq cells > col epi
histo of the body/fundus of the stomach
col epi
chief cells -> pepsin
parietal cells -> acid + IF
no goblet cells
histo of the pylorus/antrum of the stomach
col epi
neuroendocrine cells -> gastrin
no goblet
histo of the duodenum
col epi with goblet cells
2:1 villous:crypt ratio
histo of oesophagitis
redness/inflam
GORD + ulceration
changes seen in barrets oesophagus
strat sp replaces with col epi -> columnar lined oesophagus
what might barrets oesophagus progress to
intestinal metaplasia (goblet cells in oesophagus)
histo of SCC of oesophagus
lower 2/3
Keritin + IC bridges
histo of adenocarcinoma of oesophagus
lower 1/3
association of oesophageal cancer
SCC - asso with smoking/alcohol/achalasia
adeno - asso with barrets
cause of gastritis
H.pylori bind to epi in stomach and inject toxins with cag A prot
what may chronic gastritis progress to
MALT - B cells driven
when does erosion become a gastric ulcer
when erosion goes beyond the mucosa and into the submucosa
what should happen to all gastric ulcers
Biopsied to exclude malig
complications of gastric ulcers
bleeding -> anaemia/shock
perforation -> peritonitis
most common type of gastric cancer
95% = adenocarcinoma
histo of intestinal gastric cancer
v well differentiated, large mucin-containing glands
histo of diffuse gastric cancer
poorly differentiated, no glands, composed of single cells
what are the antibodies in coeliac disease
endomysial ab
tissue transglutamase ab
what are the diagnostic investigations for coeliac disease
2x duodenal biopsies
1 on a gluten rich diet -> villous atrophy
1 on a gluten free diet -> normal villi
what is the histo of coeliac disease
villous atrophy, crypt hyperplasia, inc intraepithelian lymphocytes
what are the complications of coeliac
T cell lymphoma, MALToma, hyposplenism, osteoporosis
